تاثير اميد درماني گروهي بر سلامت معنوي بيماران مبتلا به سرطان: يك مطالعه نيمه تجربي

The Effect of Group Hope Therapy on Spiritual Health of Cancer Patients: A Semi Experimental Study

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻣﯿﺪ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ از آذر ﺗﺎ اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل 1394 در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻨﺎﺑﺎد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد 40 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن )20=n( و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )n=20( ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي &Paloutzian Ellison، ﺟﻠﺴﺎت اﻣﯿﺪ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﻃﯽ 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي و ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ وﻟﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮل را درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﺠﺪداً ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﺧﺮ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش t ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ، t زوﺟﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﮏ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، دو ﮔﺮوه از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ )0/05>p(. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد )p<0/001(. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﻣﯿﺪ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد )0/012=p(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻣﯿﺪ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬارد، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد از اﯾﻦ روش در ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ و درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases that affects the spiritual health of patients. Therefore, interventions are needed to improve the spiritual health of patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group hope therapy on the spiritual health of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed from December to March 2015 in Gonabad city. The study population was all cancer patients and the research environment was cancer clinic. Forty patients were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. After completing demographic and spiritual health Paloutzian & Ellison questionnaires, Hope group therapy sessions were performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week in the experimental group; but the control group received only routine care. The spiritual health questionnaire was completed again at the end of the last session. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired-t test and covariance analysis. Results: According to the results of the study, the two groups didn't have any significantly difference in terms of demographic variables (p>0.05). The mean score of spiritual health after the intervention showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001). Group hope therapy also improved the spiritual health of cancer patients in the experimental group (p=0.012). Conclusion: Considering the findings of the study, which showed that group hope therapy affects the spiritual health of cancer patients, it is recommended to use this method in the care and treatment of cancer patients.