سنجش عوامل مؤثر بر كيفيت زيبايي‌ شناختي در مسكن شهري (مطالعه موردي: محله جمال آباد)

Assessment of the Factors Affecting Aesthetic Quality in Urban Housing Case Study: Jamal Abad

دست‌ يابي به محيطي مطلوب و زيبا ، توقعي است كه هر شهروند از محيط دارد. هدف اين مقاله تدوين عوامل موثر بر كيفيت زيبايي شناسي در مسكن شهري است. پژوهش از نوع تحقيق توصيفي – تحليلي است و بر اساس هدف بنيادي-كاربردي مي باشد. درجمع آوري اطلاعات كه از شيوه كيفي و محتوايي با استفاده از مطالعات اكتشافي صورت گرفت. نتايج بدست آمده از مطالعات، بيان مي كند كه در ابعاد سازنده فضا (كالبدي ، عملكردي، اجتماعي، ادراكي و زيست محيطي) در محيط مسكوني در دو قلمرو ساختمان و محله داراي ويژگي هايي است كه در دو زمينه زيبايي عيني و ذهني كيفيت زيبايي شناختي محيط را فراهم آورد، مطرح گرديده است. به عنوان نمونه موردي محله جمال آباد تهران اين شاخص ها سنجش گرديد كه بيانگر آن است كه در بعد كالبدي كمترين توجه به ابعاد زيبايي شناختي مسكن شده‌است. درنهايت، پيشنهاد‌هايي در جهت دستيابي به محله زيبا ارائه گرديده است. برايند استفاده از اين شاخص در طراحي محله سبب حصول زيبايي مي گردد.

Throughout human history, beauty has always been at the center of individual needs. Getting to a desirable and beautiful environment is the expectation that every citizen has from the environment. Today, due to urbanization and modern-life and the provision of housing, the aesthetic aspect of urban spaces and housing has been neglected and more attention has been paid to functional and economic dimensions. This is descriptive-analytic research, based on the fundamental-practical purpose. Information gathering of this research refers to using qualitative and content-based exploratory studies. The purpose of this research is to achieve the principles and criteria for designing urban housing and beautiful residential environment. In this regard, because of overlooking the building's interior in urban design, in this research, the domain of design refers to its structure and its features studied on a micro-level. On the other hand, the quality of the building and surrounding environment that correspond to the residential area studied in a macro level. According to the structure of the Maslow neighborhood pyramid, the neighborhood must satisfy the basic needs of its inhabitants, such as shelter demanding, the provision of basic and daily needs, easy and convenient access to services. Finally, the neighborhood should be pleasing and attractive. Beauty is not just in the bodywork and facade of the buildings. Not only is objective beauty but also it would be a mental one. This leads to paying more attention to the memories, values, identities, partnerships and social interactions, increasing in the human mind. This research indicates that the feeling of beauty is not restricted to the environment. However, beauty should include all the dimensions of the constructive space, which are physical, functional, social, perceptual, and environmental. Beauty is understandable and sensible in both objective and subjective dimensions. This shows that beauty includes three dimensions of structural, sensory and mental features. In beautiful structure dimension if the principles, rules and common features of beautiful phenomena reproduce properly, an artificial phenomenon, the phenomenon will be built to beauty. In the sensual aspect of beauty, beauty is not only limited to the visual world, but it is perceived through the five senses. Moreover, the subjective beauty of the factors affecting the perception of beauty in the mind, such as cultures, values, inherent sensitivities, etc. The results of the research demonstrate that the availability of the aesthetics qualification in the dimensions of the constructive space, known as physical, functional, social, perceptual and environmental, is necessary to have indicators in this dimension. Therefore, through these indicators, beauty can be felt in all dimensions of the space constructor and these beauties are objective and subjective.