خوانش مؤلفه‌هاي جنسيتي در طراحي مراكز خريد شهر تهران (مطالعه موردي: مركز خريد پالاديوم، مركز خريد كوروش، مركز خريد تيراژه 2، پاساژ كويتي‌هاي رضا)

Reading Gender Components in Shopping Centers design in Tehran Case Studies: Palladium, Koroush, Tirāgeh-2 Shopping Center, and kuwatihaie Reza Passage

جنسيت به‌ عنوان مقوله­ اي اجتماعي و متأثر از فرهنگ جامعه و متغير در طول زمان، با واژه جنس كه به مسائل زيست­ شناختي و تفاوت­ هاي فيزيكي اشاره مي‌نمايد متفاوت است. اين مقاله در­صدد بررسي ارتباط جنسيت و فضا بوده و با تبيين مؤلفه‌هاي برگرفته از جنسيت و تحليل آنان در مراكز خريد، در پي رسيدن به تعادل جنسيتي در فضا است. نتايج مشخص مي‌نمايد كه مؤلفه‌هاي كيفي اشاره‌ شده سبب مي‌‌شوند تا كاربران مختلف ازنظر جنسيتي، استفاده ­هاي متفاوت از فضا داشته باشند. در صورت عدم توجه به جنسيت، فضا از كيفيت لازم برخوردار نبوده، بنابراين كاربران بخصوص زنان كه حساسيت بيشتري به فضا داشته، در پاره­اي موارد آن را به‌دلخواه خود تغيير داده و يا استفاده از فضا اجتناب مي‌كنند. روش پژوهش، روش تحقيق كيفي در قالب نمونه­ هاي موردي است كه 4 مركز خريد در شهر تهران جهت بررسي انتخاب‌ شده و مورد مشاهده، مصاحبه و تحليل قرار گرفته‌اند.

Social contexts are the most important areas for space users, and factors such as age, gender, and social class can be studied in this regard. Gender is a social category that has always been influenced by the culture of the community and changes over time and thus differs from the term sex, which refers to this from the point of view of biological and physical differences. Considering the sociality of gender, this paper seeks to study the relationship between gender and space along with the quality surveys of shopping malls as a public urban space so that it is possible to introduce a space with specific components, and also these components can be used in architectural design and as well as the needs of all gender groups in this space can be met. Since studies show that women’s needs are more important because of their responsibilities and limitations and because of their sensitivities, the space they deserve is suitable for both sexes. Therefore; this study focuses on the needs and perceptions of this group. The research method used is a qualitative research method in the form of case studies where Palladium Shopping Center in northern Tehran, Cyrus Shopping Center in the west of Tehran, Tirāgeh-2 Shopping Center in the east of Tehran and Reza Kuwaitis Passage in the south of Tehran have been investigated and observed. These shopping centers were selected in four geographical locations of Tehran for the reason that the results could be generalized to the whole city of Tehran. The results of the analysis of shopping malls space in Tehran provide some indicators that have been considered as effective factors in measuring the desirability and undesirability of space and measuring the effectiveness of space design. This level of space efficiency is one of the qualitative criteria for measuring space because each person seeks to meet their needs in the environment and when the environment provides the right conditions and the individual can do less effort to achieve his goals, it is a satisfaction and desirability for him/her, and the achievement of this feeling in the environment is the expectation that each person expects the space s/he desires. The results indicate that the qualitative components referred to, will cause different users to have different uses of space in terms of gender. But surveying shopping centers in Tehran shows that women are not passive while using space, and sometimes they resist the loss of their rights in urban areas and sometimes actively produce their own items. To create their needed security, they ignore some routes, choose other routes or visit the shopping center in a group. Whether they need to rest in spaces where this need is not foreseen, they use side steps or platforms next to space. These behaviors can be interpreted as the redefinition of space, which varies from person to person depending on their perception of space and their needs. Finally, if space is not reproducible and flexible for necessary uses, they will avoid attending the space.