كليدواژه :
اقليم گرم و مرطوب , مدل ماهاني , جزيره قشم , مسكن روستايي
چكيده فارسي :
در گذشته، نبود امكانات براي استفاده از انرژي هاي تجديد ناپذير، ساكنان بومي هر منطقه را ناچار به ابداع شگردهايي براي ساخت سكونتگاه هاي سازگار با اقليم نموده و معماري بومي هر منطقه را رقم زده است. اين در حالي است كه همزمان، محدوديت هايي وجود داشته كه ممكن است مانع اعمال تمام اصول اقليمي در اين ساخت ها شده باشد. از اين رو ارزيابي سازگاري الگوي ساخت و سازهاي بومي با شرايط اقليمي، پيش از اعمال آنها در ساخت هاي مدرن ضروري به نظر مي رسد. در مقاله حاضر با هدف ارزيابي ميزان سازگاري اقليمي سكونتگاه هاي بومي لافت،ابتدا با استفاده از مدل ماهاني پيشنهادات طراحي اقليمي در قشم استخراج و در مرحله ي بعد شاخصه هاي مورد اشاره در مدل ماهاني در 50 نمونه از سكونتگاه هاي بومي مطالعه شد. در مرحله ي آخر نيز به وسيله ي نرم افزار اس.پي.اس.اس. ، با انجام آزمون t تك نمونه، سازگاري الگوهاي مستخرج با پيشنهادات اقليمي ارزيابي گشت. يافته هاي اين آزمون نشان داد ميانگين سازگاري الگوهاي استقرار بنا، فاصله گذاري ميان ساختمان ها و فرم پلان با پيشنهادات اقليمي ماهاني، تفاوت معني داري داشته كه مثبت بودن اين تفاوت نشان داد سكونتگاه هاي بومي از نظر 3 شاخصه الگوي استقرار بنا، فاصله گذاري ميان ساختمان ها و فرم پلان با اصول پيشنهادي ماهاني سازگار است. اين در حالي است كه نحوه استقرار و درصد اشغال بازشوهاي داخلي و خارجي با پيشنهادات ماهاني سازگاري كامل ندارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Bioclimatic design by definition satisfies the needs of human beings. It considers climatic conditions, uses techniques and materials available in the region and attempts to integrate the building with its surroundings, which contributes to the architectural identity of the district. Scarcity of fossil fuels and the resulting pollution have turned the need for using vernacular construction solutions, to the main concerns of urban planners and architects. This is particularly more crucial in rural areas with fewer resources. The vernacular buildings are a product of the accumulated experience and practice of many centuries and can constitute a continuous source of knowledge. The traditional builders understood bioclimatic aspects of building physics and it made them aware of the consequences of design choices. In order to progress in the future of architecture and sustainable building, we must first gain knowledge of the past and employ these strategies to achieve optimum energy efficiency. Its hard to claim that vernacular constructions are completely compatible with climatic conditions; hence Proper observance of their orientation, placement of spaces and openings area (door and window), is necessary before using them as the design patterns.
Qeshm Island is situated in hot and humid climate of northern cost of Persian Gulf; with its drastic humidity level, this island has one of the toughest climates of the world. Applying the vernacular solutions for creating tolerable microclimate, is the most effective way to exploit natural means and depend less on mechanical techniques and consequently, reducing building energy consumption. The aim of the study is to assess, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the climatic design aspects of vernacular houses of Qeshm, in order evaluate the compatibility of these structures with climatic conditions. Hence, this study recognizes the bioclimatic approaches explored and exploited by vernacular inhabitants of Qeshm Island and more specifically Laft village in north of Qeshm by quantitative and qualitative analysis of fifty vernacular settlements situated in ancient rural context of this village. Considered climatic factors are studied in four main categories introduced by Mahoney tables: Building settlement. (Building orientation and spatial settlement pattern), Air movement (floor plan form), spacing and openings. Surveying mentioned parameters in fifty vernacular samples, outlines Laft vernacular houses as below: The dwellings designed in a linear pattern which include only one layer of rooms. Dwellings are oriented on East-West axis with up to 30 degree inclination to east. In order to compare these characteristics with Mahoney criteria for designing in this climate, Pattern of Laft vernacular houses are evaluated with SPSS software, one sample t test. The results proved that construction patterns including orientation of building, spacing and floor plan form are consistent with bioclimatic suggestions derived from Mahoney tables.
