تاثير سطوح مختلف آبياري، خاكپوشه پلاستيك و مواد ضد تعرق بر برخي صفات فيزيولوژيك و عملكرد دانه ذرت رنگين

Effect of different irrigation regimes, plastic mulch and anti-transpiration materials on some physiological attributes and grain yield of rainbow corn

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺪ ﺗﻌﺮق ﻛﺎﺋﻮﻟﻴﻦ و آﺗـﺮازﻳﻦ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ آﺑﻴـﺎري ﺑـﺮ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ذرت رﻧﮕﻴﻦ، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺑﺮازﺟـﺎن، اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷـﻬﺮ در دو ﺳـﺎل1395-1396 اﺟـﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ. آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﻴﺖ اﺳﭙﻠﻴﺖ ﭘﻼت ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﻴـﺎري در ﺳـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ 25 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ آب ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﺎك، 40 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ آب ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﺎك و 60 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ آب ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺧـﺎك(،ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺪ ﺗﻌﺮق ﻛﺎﺋﻮﻟﻴﻦ، آﺗﺮازﻳﻦ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﻜﻨﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﻴﺎري و ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺪ ﺗﻌﺮق ﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ Fv/Fm و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﻜﻨﺶ ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ و ﻣـﻮاد ﺿـﺪ ﺗﻌـﺮق ﺑـﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﻴﺎري 60 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ، ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖFv/Fm )0/578 در ﺗﻴﻤـﺎر آﺗـﺮازﻳﻦ ﺑـﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 18/6 درﺻﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آن در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﺎﺋﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﺳـﻄﺢ آﺑﻴـﺎري60 درﺻـﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣﺠـﺎز رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺮگ 58/5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ( در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﻜﻨﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﻴﺎري، ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺪ ﺗﻌﺮق ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﺳـﻄﺢ آﺑﻴـﺎري25 درﺻـﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣﺠـﺎز رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ،ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل 556/2 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﺗﺮازﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدل 1237/5 ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ- ﺟﻮﻳﻲ در ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎده ﺿﺪ ﺗﻌﺮق( ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 7/7 درﺻﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آن ﻣﻌﺎدل 366/6 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ و ﻣﺎده ﺿﺪ ﺗﻌﺮق ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻄﻲﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺎﻛﭙﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و آﺗﺮازﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺼﻮل ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﻴﻔﻲ و ﻛﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ

order to evaluate the effects of plastic mulch, kaolin and atrazine as anti-transpiration materials on some physiological attributes and grain yield of rainbow corn grown under different irrigation regimes, a two-year field experiment was carried out in Borazjan, Bushehr Province in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. A randomized complete block design arranged in a split-split plot with three replications was employed to investigate the following experimental factors; irrigation regimes at three levels, (irrigation after 25 (no water deficit stress), 40 (mild water deficit stress) and 60% (severe water deficit stress) of field capacity (FC) water depletion), plastic mulch at two levels (with and without mulch) and anti-transpiration materials at three levels (kaolin, atrazine and no material). The results demonstrated that interaction between irrigation regimes and anti-transpiration materials was statistically significant on Fv/Fm ratio, and interaction between plastic mulch and anti-transpiration materials was significant on leaf soluble sugar content. At irrigation regime of 60% of FC water depletion, the highest Fv/Fm (0.578) was found when atrazine was applied, whereas the lowest value (0.468) was related to kaolin application. The obtained results suggest that in regions where water is a limiting factor, application of plastic mulch and atrazine wold improve crops quantitative and qualitative yield.