ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛَﺮﻳﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ

Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders According to Abu-Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariye Razi

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣـﻮﺯﻩ، ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺰﺷـﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ، ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺨﻮﻟﻴﺎ ، ﻗﻄﺮﺏ، ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺎ، ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﻭ ...ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ، ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺼـﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ : ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺰﺍﺝ، ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﻼﻁ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻳﻲ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ ، ﻭﺭﺯﺵ، ﺭﺍﻳﺤـﻪ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻧﻲ، ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ... ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.

Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to learn more about Razi and his views on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Methods and Materials: In this study, library researches and online articles were used. Conclusion: Razi’s suggested treatments include: Wet the temperament, Rid the body of mucus successive goals by diarrhea, Phlebotomy (blood drawing), The use of liquid diet, Eating nutrient, Exercise, Face and body massage with special oils, Washing the body, Aromatherapy, Smell drugs, Avoid sunstroke,Get enough sleep, Engage patients in conversation with others, Make the patient happy and participate him/her in joyous scenes, Razi emphasized on non-pharmacological treatment . Results: Results obtained from this study indicated that Razi followed Hippocrates, Galenus and Rufus in terms of mental disorders. an‎d in his most important book, Al-Hawi, which is a complete encyclopedia of medicine to his age, he stated the majority of scientist’s ideas before him about disease, and described his criticism towards them. He also stated his views based on experience.