ﮔﺎﻭﺯﺑﺎﻥ (ﻟﺴﺎﻥَ ﺍﻟﺜُﻮﺭ)

Gāvzabān

ﮔﺎﻭﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺿـﺪ ﺍﻓﺴـﺮﺩﮔﻲ، ﺿـﺪ ﺍﺿـﻄﺮﺍﺏ،ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻘﻮﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺿﺪ ﺳﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ . ﺫﻛـﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﮔﻴـ ﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﻭﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﻭﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﮔﺎﻭﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﻭﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ Buglossoides arvensis ،Anchusa azurea ،Echium amoenum ﻭ Borago officinalis ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻃـﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ.

Gāvzabān is a medicinal plant known as Lesan-al-thor in traditional literatures and used as antidepressant, anxiolytic, general tonic especially cardiotonic, and antitussive. It is also administered for treatment of melancholic disorders in traditional Persian medicine. Different botanical descriptions are available for this medicinal plant in traditional manuscripts which implied to this fact that different plant species used as Gāvzabān in different ages. In this paper, four species from the family Boraginaceae which have more similarities to descriptions in traditional literatures including Echium amoenum, Anchusa azurea, Buglossoides arvensis, and Borago officinalis have been described and their pharmacological and toxicological data according to traditional literatures and modern phytotherapy have been considered.