ارزيابي مخاطرات فلزات كادميوم و آرسنيك در خاك و كاهو ( longifolia sativa Lactuca ( و كلم ) oleraceacapitata Brassica ) كشت شده در استان خوزستان

Evaluation of Health Hazards of Cadmium and Arsenic in Lettuce and Cabbage Cultivated in Khuzestan Province

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم و آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ ﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺎدي دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ در ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﯿﺖ و ﺑﯿﻤﺎريزاﯾﯽ در ﺑﺪن اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﺳﺒﺰﯾﭽﺎت ﮐﺎﻫﻮ و ﮐﻠﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﺧﺎك در ﺳﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺣﻤﯿﺪﯾﻪ، دزﻓﻮل و راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺟﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺳﺒﺰي ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﻮ و ﮐﻠﻢ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه و 15 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰارع ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﯿﺪﯾﻪ، دزﻓﻮل و راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. رﯾﺴﮏ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻓﻠﺰات ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم و آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﺒﺰي ﮐﻠﻢ و ﮐﺎﻫﻮ ﺑﻪ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در ﺷﻬﺮ دزﻓﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 1/39 و 0/85 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﮐﻠﻢ و ﮐﺎﻫﻮ ﺑﻪ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در ﺷﻬﺮ راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 2/44 و 1/49 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در ﺧﺎك راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﺎ 2/24 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﺧﺎك دزﻓﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ رﯾﺴﮏ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮐﻢ )40

Cadmium and arsenic have toxicity and can accumulate in food and cause poisoning and disease in the human body. In this research, the amount of contamination of heavy metals, particularly arsenic and cadmium in lettuce and common cabbage and soil in three cities of Hamidieh, Dezful and Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province were investigated. Materials and Methods: In order to implement the research, 15 samples of lettuce and cabbage cultivars were cultured and 15 soil samples were collected from cities of Hamidieh, Dezful and Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province. The ecological risk of cadmium and arsenic was studied using pollution indices. Results: The lowest amounts of contaminations in both cabbage and lettuce vegetables concerned with arsenic were found in Dezful at the concentrations of 1.39 and 0.85 ppm while the highest concentrations were observed in Ramhormoz at the levels of 2.44 and 1.49 ppm respectively. Ramhormoz soil indicated the highest concentrations at arsenic (2.24 ppm) while Dezful soil showed the highest amount of cadmium (0.25 ppm). The results showed that heavy metals of arsenic and cadmium in the studied cities had low ecological risk (Er<40) and low risk (IR) risk index (RI<150). The highest risk index is in Hamidieh (32.4) and the lowest risk index is Ramhormoz (11.66). Conclusion: The results of Health Hazard Index (HI) in lettuce and cabbage were less than 1, indicating that the concentration of these elements in the soil would be hazardous and would have adverse health effects for the consumer.