تأثير نظام طبقاتي عهد ساسانيان بر نهضت مزدك

effect of the Sassanian class system on the Mazdak movement

جنبش مزدكيان از سال 494 ميلادي در زمان سلطنت قباد ساساني آغاز شد و تا سال 524 ميلادي يعني 30سال ادامه داشت. اين جنبش در طول سه دهه دامنه اي شگرف يافت و در اثر عمق نفوذ و گسترش خويش، پادشاه ساساني قباد را به سازش و مداراي با خود واداشت . راز بسط سريع و اقتدار جنبش را بايد در شرايط ويژه ي اجتماعي آن روز جامعه ساساني كه يك جامعه محافظه كار اشرافي مبتني بر نظامات و مقررات جابرانه بود، دانست. در چنين اوضاع اجتماعي و در دوران سلطنت پيروز، قحطي بزرگي در گرفت كه هفت سال بطول انجاميد . قطحي همراه با خراج هاي سنگين حكومتي مردم را به ستوه آورد . علت خالي شدن خزانه علاوه بر غارتگري دربار اشراف جنگهاي متعدد با هياطله و بيزانس و پرداخت غرامات كمر شكن بود در اثر همه ي اين عوامل استيصال مردم به حدي رسيده بود كه تحمل ناپذير بود . بدينسان در آستانه ي جنبش مزدكي در ايران شرايط عيني براي انفجار از هر جهت فراهم بود . در چنين شرايطي مزدك پسر بامداد از مردم پارس كه مردي روحاني بود موفق شد با فصاحت لسان و قدرت فكر و منطق خود تعاليم خويش را در افكار عامه رسوخ داده و سر منشأ جنبشي شگرف شود. قباد كه به دليل قدرت موبدان و بزرگان قلباً از اين وضع ناراضي بود فرصت را غنيمت شمرده و از مزدك حمايت كرد توانست با تكيه بر پشتيباني مزدكيان و توده ي مردم از قدرت زمين داران و موبدان و اشراف بكاهد اظهار علاقه ي پادشاه به مزدك و يارانش فرصت داد كه به نهضت خود شكل انقلابي ببخشند. سرانجام با وليعهدي انوشيروان كه از مخالفان سرسخت نهضت مزدكي بود. و نفوذ فوق العاده اي بر پدرش قباد ، او را مجاب كرد كه آئين مزدكي را قلع و قمع كند .گفته شده كه سي هزار مزدكي به فرمان انوشيروان قتل عام شدند

Professor of History Group. Najaf Abad Unit. Islamic Azad university. Najaf Abad. Iran The Mazdakyan movement began in 494 during the reign of Qobad Sassanid, and continued until 524, 30 years. This jubilation, during three decades, was striking and, due to the depth of its influence, extended the Sassanid kingdom of Ghobad to compromise and tolerance. The secret of rapid development and the authority of the movement should be seen in the particular social conditions of the Sassanid community, which was an aristocratic conservative society based on the rules and regulations. In such a social situation and during the reign of the monarchy, a great famine lasted seven years. Cursed people with plenty of government leverage. The reason for the desertion of the treasury was in addition to the plunder of the aristocracy of numerous wars with Byzantium and Byzantium and the payment of indemnities. By all these factors, the desperation of the people had reached such an extent that it was intolerable. Thus, on the eve of the Mashad movement in Iran, there were concrete conditions for the blast in any direction. Under such circumstances Mazdak, the son of the early morning, of the people of Pars, who was a cleric, managed to penetrate his teachings in public opinion with the eloquence of language and the power of his thought and logic, and became a source of kinetic dynamics. Gobad, who was dissatisfied with the power of the mobs and elders of the heart, took advantage of the opportunity and supported Mazdak, he relied on the support of the Mazdakians and the masses of the people from the power of the landowners and priests and nobles, expressing the king's interest in Mazdak and his followers the opportunity Gave them a revolutionary form to their movement. Finally, Crown Prince Anoushirovan, who was a hawkish opponent of the Shiite movement. an‎d the extraordinary influence on his father, Ghobad, made him persuaded to torture the mosque. It was said that thirty thousand soldiers were slaughtered under the command of Anoushirvan.