بررسي همبستگي حمايت و فعاليت بدني والدين، ادراك كودكان از حمايت والدين، حس اجتماعي و محيط همسايگي با فعاليت بدني كودكان

Correlation between Parental Support and Physical Activity, Children's Perception of Parental Support, Social Sense and Neighborhood Environment with Child Physical Activity

مقدمه: مشاركت مداوم در فعاليت بدني براي حفظ سلامتي و بهزيستي در طول عمر ضروري است. لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين همبستگي حمايت و فعاليت بدني والدين، ادراك كودكان از حمايت والدين، حس اجتماعي و محيط همسايگي با فعاليت بدني كودكان انجام گرفت. روش كار: اين مطالعه به روش توصيفي-همبستگي بود. جامعۀ آماري را كليۀ دانش آموزان دختر و پسر 9 تا 11ساله شهر تهران و والدين آنها تشكيل دادند كه تعداد آنها 299610 تن بود كه براساس جدول مورگان تعداد 384 تن انتخاب و تعداد 400 پرسشنامه به روش نمونه گيري خوشه اي توزيع شد. در اين مطالعه از "حمايت گزارش شده از والدين براي فعاليت بدني" (Parent-Reported Support for Physical Activity)، "پرسشنامه بين المللي فعاليت بدني" (International Physical Activity Questionnaire)، "ادراك كودكان از حمايت والدين" (Childrenchr('39')s Perceptions of Parental Support)، "مقياس حس اجتماعي" (Sense of Community Scale)، "مقياس فعاليت بدني در محيط همسايگي" (The Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale)، "پرسشنامه فعاليت بدني براي كودكان" (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children)، استفاده شد. روايي صوري، محتوايي و سازه (به روش تحليل عاملي تاييدي) و پايايي (به روش ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ) بررسي شد. براي تحليل داده ها از نرم افزار SmartPLS 2.0 M3 استفاده شد. يافته ها: بين فعاليت بدني والدين (t=2/31, β=0/22) با فعاليت بدني كودكان همبستگي مثبت معناداري وجود دارد. اما، بين حمايت والدين از فعاليت بدني (t=0/72, β=0/10)، حس اجتماعي (09/0=β، 83/0=t)، ادراك كودكان از حمايت والدين (t=0/83, β=0/9) و محيط همسايگي (t=0/05, β=0/006) با فعاليت بدني كودكان همبستگي معني دار نبود. نتيجه گيري: فعاليت بدني والدين و نوع رفتار ورزشي آنها منجر به بهبود فعاليت بدني كودكان مي شود. لذا پيشنهاد مي شود برنامه هاي فعاليت بدني به صورت خانوادگي در اولويت برنامه هاي خانواده ها قرار گيرد.

Introduction: Continuous participation in physical activity is essential to maintaining good health and well-being throughout life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine correlation between parental support and physical activity, children's perception of parental support, social sense and neighborhood environment with child physical activity. Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of 9-11-year-old male and female students in Tehran and their parents (299610). Based on Morgan table, 384 students were selected and 400 questionnaires were distributed through cluster sampling. To collect data, the “Parent-Reported Support for Physical Activity”, “International Physical Activity Questionnaire”, “Children's Perceptions of Parental Support”, "Sense of Community Scale", "Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale", "Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children", were used. Face, content, and construct validity and reliability were measured. SmartPLS 2.0 M3 software was used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between physical activity of parents (t=2/31, β=0/22) and physical activity of children. However, there was not a significant correlation between parental support for physical activity (t=0/72, β=0/10) sense of community (t=0/83, β=0/09) children's perception of parental support (t=1/93, β=0/26) and neighborhood environment (t=0/05, β=-0/006) with children physical activity. Conclusions: Parents' physical activity and their type of exercise behavior improve children's physical activity. Therefore, it is suggested that family-based physical activity programs be a priority for family programs.