سابقه و هدف: ويروس كرونا شيوع غافلگيرانه و گستردهاي داشته و پيامدهاي زيانبار آن در ابعاد مختلف زندگي مشهود است. اين مطالعه باهدف شناسايي موانع خودمراقبتي براي پيشگيري از شيوع كوويد 19 از ديدگاه متخصصين سلامت و مردم انجام شد.
مواد و روشها: اين پژوهش بهصورت تركيبي از مطالعه كيفي ومطالعه كمي از نوع مقطعي طراحي شد. در بخش كيفي اين مطالعه، بحث گروهي متمركز با اعضاي هيات علمي و مديران دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اصفهان و مصاحبه غيرحضوري با مردم اجرا شد. سپس بر مبناي دادههاي استخراجشده از اين مرحله، پرسشنامه 40 سوالي با روايي و پايايي تاييد شده (آلفاي كرونباخ 0/90) طراحي شد. 1056 نفر از مردم ايران طي 4 روز در شبكههاي اجتماعي نظرسنجي شدند. دادهها در نرمافزار SPSS 21 توصيف و تحليل شدند.
يافتهها: طبق نتايج مرحله كيفي، موانع خودمراقبتي شامل 6 طبقه اصلي موانع اجتماعي، موانع روانشناختي، موانع مذهبي، موانع سياستي و مرتبط با حاكميت، موانع مرتبط با نظام سلامت و موانع اطلاعاتي بودند. براساس نتايج نظرسنجي عوامل سياستي مديريتي (ميانگين نمره=78/87) و سپس عوامل روانشناختي (باور، رفتار، شخصيت) (ميانگين نمره=70/01)، مهمترين موانع خودمراقبتي از ديدگاه مردم بود. ميانگين نمره خودمراقبتي (نمرهاي كه افراد از 1 تا 10 به خودشان دادند) 8/50 بود. ميانگين نمره خودمراقبتي در زنان (0/0001
چكيده لاتين :
Background and purpose: The recent Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a sudden
outbreak which has significantly affected various aspects of daily lives. This study was carried out to
determine self-care barriers in prevention of Covid-19 according to healthcare experts and laypersons.
Materials and methods: A qualitative-quantitative based cross-sectional research was
designed. To perform the qualitative phase, group discussion with faculty members and managers in
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and phone interviews with laypersons were carried out. Then,
data extracted in this phase were used to design a 40-item questionnaire which was found to be reliable
(Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.90), to be completed by Iranian citizens in four days via social networks. In this
survey, 1056 people participated. Data analysis was done in SPSS V21.
Results: Self-care barriers according to the qualitative phase of the study included social barriers,
psychological barriers, religious barriers, political and management barriers, healthcare system barriers,
and information barriers. Political and management barriers (mean score=78.87) and psychological
barriers (belief, behavior, personality) (mean score=70.01) were found to be the major self-care barriers.
The mean self-care score was 8.5 (in a scale of 0 to 10). The mean self-care scores were significantly higher in
women (P<0.0001) and in people with higher levels of education (P=0.007). No significant difference
was observed in mean self-care score based on marital status (P=0.61) and occupation (P=0.052).
Conclusion: Health care managers and policymakers could guide people towards more efficient
self-care by planning to reduce and overcome barriers identified in this study.