مقايسه توجه پايدار شنوايي در كودكان دچار اختلال پردازش شنوايي و همتايان هنجار

Comparing auditory sustained attention in children with auditory processing disorder and normal children

اختلال پردازش شنوايي، نوعي اختلال در پردازش ادراكي اطلاعات شنوايي در دستگاه عصبي مركزي است كه مي‌تواند تحت تاثير عوامل شناختي از جمله توجه قرار گيرد. توجه يكي از اصلي‌ترين عملكردهاي شناختي در رشد و يادگيري كودكان محسوب مي‌شود، بنابراين شناخت و بررسي آن در كودكان دچار اختلال پردازش شنوايي با آزمون مجزا و معتبر، ضروري است. هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي و مقايسه توجه پايدار شنوايي در كودكان دچار اختلال پردازش شنوايي و همتايان هنجار با استفاده از زيرآزمون توجه روزمره كودكان است. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ-ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي 45 ﮐﻮدك 7 ﺗﺎ 12 ﺳﺎل، 23 ﮐﻮدك ﻫﻨﺠﺎر )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 9/88 و اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد 1/5( و 22 ﮐﻮدك ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل ﭘﺮدازش ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ )ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 9/32 و اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد 1/2( ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ روزﻣﺮه ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ زﯾﺮآزﻣﻮن )اﻣﺘﯿﺎز، ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز، ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺪ، ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي آﺳﻤﺎن و راه ﺑﺮو-راه ﻧﺮو(، در ﺣﻮزه ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات دو ﮔﺮوه در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از زﯾﺮآزﻣﻮنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏدﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻦوﯾﺘﻨﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات در ﻫﻤﻪ زﯾﺮآزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز، ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز، ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺪ، ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي آﺳﻤﺎن و راه ﺑﺮو-راه ﻧﺮو، در دو ﮔﺮوه را ﻧﺸﺎن داد )0/001

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a type of abnormal perceptual processing of auditory information within the central auditory nervous system that could be influenced by cognitive factors, such as attention. Attention is one of most important cognitive functions in the development of learning in children, so it is important to recognize and evaluate a variety of attention deficits in children with auditory processing disorder with a reliable test. The aim of this study was to compare the auditory sustained attention in children with auditory processing disorder and normal children with Test of Everyday Attention for children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 students aged 7-11 years, 23 normal children (mean age, 9.88, SD; 1.5) and 22 children with a diagnosed APD (mean age, 9.32, SD; 1.2). Remarkably, test of Everyday Attention for children with five subtest (Score, Score Dual Task, Code Transmission, Sky Search Dual Task, Walk, Don’t Walk) in sustained attention domain was performed in the both groups. The mean scores of the two groups were compared in each of the sub-tests. Results: The results of Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there were significant difference in two groups in all of the subtests (Score, Score dual task, Code Transmission, Sky Search dual task, Walk, Don’t Walk) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that children with auditory processing disorders were significantly worse than their normal peers in all subtests of auditory sustained attention domain.