كليدواژه :
اجزاي عملكرد و ارقام گندم , پروتئين دانه , روي دانه و زي‌فزوني , سولفات روي و ريخت شناسي گندم
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه افزايش درصد روي دانه از راه زي‌فزوني، به يكي از مهم‌ترين راهكارها جهت افزايش ميزان اين عنصر در دانه تبديل شده است. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ روي ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از ﭘﻨﺞ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﻬﺎره، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم درﯾﺎ، ﺷﯿﺮودي، آرﺗﺎ، ﺗﺠﻦ و N-80-19 )ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول( و ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮدي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ، 25ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي )ZnSO47 H2O( در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻪﮐﺮدن 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ، ﺷﮑﻤﯽ و ﺷﯿﺮي داﻧﻪ، و ﺷﯿﺮي و ﺧﻤﯿﺮي داﻧﻪ) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم(. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎ، درﺻﺪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺮگ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، درازاي ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺷﻤﺎر ﭘﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﮐﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري )در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ( اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار )در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ( در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺮدن روي ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري را در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﺪادﻧﺪ. رﻗﻢﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﺮودي وN-80-19 ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 1732/7 و 1984/8 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺠﻦ، درﯾﺎ و آرﺗﺎ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 2491/4، 2434/4 و 2386/2 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﯿﺮي-ﺧﻤﯿﺮي ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ در رﻗﻢ درﯾﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻫﺪف اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪاي ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎتروي در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ آﻏﺎزﯾﻦ رﺷﺪ ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪﺗﺮ از ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، زيﻓﺰوﻧﯽ روي ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ازاﯾﻦرو، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﮐﯽ و ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎتروي ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮأم روي داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻞ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Nowadays, biofortification is regarded as one of the most important ways to increase zinc in
grain. To evaluate the effect of zinc on morphophysiological features and qualitative and
quantitative characteristics of the wheat yield, a field research was carried out based on the factorial
randomized complete block design with three replications. Five spring wheat cultivars, Darya,
Shiroody, Arta, Tajan and N-80-19 were considered as the first factor. The second factor included
five levels of fertilizers: use of zinc in the soil at the planting time with the concentrations of 0 and
25 kg ha-1, spraying 0.5 percentage of zinc sulfate in booting stage, booting and milky stages, and in
milky and dough stages. Statistical analyses showed that as compared to non-application of zinc
sulfate in the same condition, soil application of zinc sulfate could significantly (P≤0.01) increase
the seedlings dry weight, seedlings emergence percentage, leaf area in plants, leaf dry weight, plants
height, spikes height, and the number of tillers. As compared to other treatments, soil zinc sulfate
application significantly (P≤0.01) increased the amount of grain yield. However, among the
treatments that zinc sulfate sprayed on them, there was not any significant difference as far as this
character was concerned. Shiroodi and N-80-19 cultivars, with the amount of 1732.7 and 1984.8 kg
ha-1 , respectively, and also Tajan, Daria and Arta cultivars, with the amount of 2491.4, 2434.4 and
2386.2 kg ha-1, respectively, had the lowest and highest grain yield. Spraying zinc sulfate in milkydough
stage showed the highest level of this element (Zn) in the Darya cultivar. According to the
results of this study, it can be concluded that higher application of zinc sulfate in the early stages of
plant growth can be more effective in increasing seed yield. On the other hand, despite of its effect
on yield, zinc biofortification was more effective when it was applied at the final stages of plant
growth. Therefore, soil and foliar applications of zinc solfate simultaneously seem helpful to
increase zinc content of the seed and the total yield.
