پديد آورندگان :
مهرنيا، محمد سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي استان لرستان - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خرم آباد , حسيني، زهرا سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي استان لرستان - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خرم آباد
كليدواژه :
اتنوبوتاني , گياهان دارويي , گونه هاي دارويي , طب ايراني
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ )ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ(، ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳـﻪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ، ﺛﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﺁﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ،ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ، ﻋﻄﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺔ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷـﺪ. ﮔـﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸـﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ
ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳـﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﻨـﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻤـﻲ: ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ Use Value=UV )( ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻄﻠﻌﻴﻦ (Informant Consensus Factor=ICF)، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ.
ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ، 202 ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ 52 ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ143 ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ، 20 ﮔﻮﻧـﺔ ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ
ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺋـ ﻪ )Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen.(، ﺑـﻦ ﺳـﺮ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﺮﭘﺎ ) .Allium jesdianum Boiss( ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﺼـﻪ ).Tanacetum kotschyi Boiss(، ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )UV( ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻄﻠﻌﻴﻦ )(IFC، ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﻭ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ، ﺗﺐ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻔﻮﻻﻧﺰﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ )ﻣﺤﻠﻲ(، ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ، ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ UVﻭ IFC، ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ
ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ، ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻏﻨﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ،ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ دارويي و انجام آزمايشات فيتوشيميايي گونه هاي داراي ارزش استفادة بالا و جلوگيري از برداشت غيراصولي آ ن ها از عرصه هاي طبيعي، امري ضروري به نظر مي رسد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Purpose: Plant effective substances (secondary metabolites) are affected by plant growth environment. The properties of the medicinal species are attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites. Identifying medicinal species, recording and revitalizing herbal traditions and educating people on the proper harvesting of these plants will lead to optimal use of their effective ingredients. The aim of this study was to identify the medicinal species of Aleshtar (Lorestan province) and introduce their traditional and modern uses.
Materials and Methods: Medicinal species were collected and identified in the cold and mountainous regions of the study area. Traditional uses, as well as their applications in modern medicine, achieved through interviews with native people, traditional herbal healers, and investigation of reliable scientific sources. Data were collected by survey method and interviews were conducted with semi-structured questions. Two quantitative methods were used to determine the importance of medicinal species and to show information homogeneity: Use Value (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF).
Results: In this study, 202 medicinal species were identified that belong to 52 families and 143 genera. Among the species identified, 20 plant species had the highest use value. Azgovāh (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen), Bon sor (Allium jesdianum Boiss.) and Mokhalesa (Tanacetum kotschyi Boiss.) had the highest UV. The most ICF was in the Category of Digestive problems followed by the common cold, fever, and influenza. A list of the scientific name, general (Vernacular) name, used parts of plant, UV and IFC values, method of preparation and application in traditional and modern medicine was prepared.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the richness of herbal remedies culture in the region and the great potential for providing primary herbal materials. Proper management, cultivation of medicinal plants, and phytochemical testing of high Use Value medicinal plants and prevention of their incorrect collection from natural areas seems to be necessary.
