آموزه هاي اخلاق حرفه اي در كتاب المعالجات البقراطيه

Professional ethics in manuscript al-Mu'alajat al-Buqratiyya

ﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻃﺒﻲ ﻛﻬﻦ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ، ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻏﻔﻠﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﻛـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻼﻗـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴـﻪ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻃﺒﺮﻱ، ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﻥ 4 ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻧﻜـﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻼﻗـﻲ ﻣﻄـﺮﺡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻃﺒﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ. ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ : ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﻪ، ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻃﺒﺮﻱ، ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻫﺠﺮﻱ، ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ، ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ؛ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ، ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻦ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﻛﻬﻦ ﺗﻤـﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ، ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ، ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ.

Background and Purpose: Professional ethics has been increasingly interested in recent years. However, Iranian traditional medicine valuable references have been neglected. The present paper intended to study some ethical codes in “Al-Muchr('39')alajat al-Buqratiya”, by Abul-Hasan al-Tabari, in the 10th century. Methods and Materials: This research is a review-analytical method and review ancient Iranian medical manuscripts in Islamic civilization and compare with modern medical ethics. Results: The book consists of some therapeutic methods, clinical experiences, and valuable prescriptions. A noteworthy point in the book is the scholar focus on the need to observe ethical issues on the part of physician and serving the patient, so that a chapter (chapter 35) is entirely devoted to this subject in which some presented ethical principles, values, and professional conducts are consistent with new medical ethics. Conclusion: The informative and practical points outlined in this book not only influence practitioners’ performance, but also affect their knowledge of professional ethics background in Islam and Iran civilization.