بررسي تاثير يك دوره تمرينات اصلاحي بر اختلالات اسكلتي عضلاني سربازان يك واحد نظامي

The Effect of a Corrective Exercise Course on the Musculoskeletal Disorders of a Military Unit Soldiers

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺑﺮوز ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺎﻣﻮرﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺻﻠﺎﺣﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﯾﮏ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎ: ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮردﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻦ 186 ﺳﺮﺑﺎز ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي از ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺎدﮔﺎنﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1395، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. 56 ﺳﺮﺑﺎز ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ داراي ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه 28 ﻧﻔﺮه ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺻﻠﺎﺣﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪت ﻫﯿﭻ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺪاد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﻄﺮ اﺑﺘﻠﺎء ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ-ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ از آزﻣﻮن QEC اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮردﯾﮏ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﮐﻤﺮ 51/78 درﺻﺪ، زاﻧﻮ و ﻣﭻ ﭘﺎ 46/42 درﺻﺪ، ﮔﺮدن 33/92 درﺻﺪ، ﭘﺸﺖ 21/42 درﺻﺪ، ران و ﺑﺎﺳﻦ 14/28 درﺻﺪ، ﺷﺎﻧﻪ 12/50 درﺻﺪ و دﺳﺖ و ﻣﭻ 10/71 درﺻﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺧﻄﺮ وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 35/71 درﺻﺪ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﺎ، 46/42 درﺻﺪ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺎ، 12/50 درﺻﺪ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و 5/35 درﺻﺪ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار دارد. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺻﻠﺎﺣﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ داري ﺑﺮ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدن )p=0/05 و 2/271=z(، ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﮐﻤﺮ )p=0/05 و z=3/256(، ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ )p=0/05 و z=3/045( و ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻣﭻ دﺳﺖ/دﺳﺖ )p=0/05 و z=3/276( داﺷﺖ. وﻟﯽ در ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺻﻠﺎﺣﯽ و آﻣﻮزش وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪن ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺻﻠﺎﺣﯽ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﺒﺤﮕﺎه ﺳﺮﺑﺎزن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders cause abnormalities and major problems, the most important of which is the inability to perform physical activities and military missions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a course of corrective training on the musculoskeletal disorders of soldiers in a military unit. Methods: The Nordic Questionnaire was distributed among 186 soldiers that were randomly selected from the military barracks in Tehran, Iran in 2016. Fifty-six soldiers with at least one musculoskeletal disorder were randomly assigned into two groups of 28 people. The intervention group underwent corrective exercises for eight weeks, and the control group did not perform any specific exercises or activities during this period. The QEC test was used to assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Results: The results of the Nordic questionnaire reported musculoskeletal disorders 51.78% in the lower back, 46.42% in the knees and ankles, 33.92% in the neck, 21.42% in the back, 14.28% in the thighs and buttocks, 12.50% in the shoulders and 10.71 % in hands and wrists. Risk factors for the tasks include 35.71 % very high, 46.42 % high, 12.50 % moderate and 5.35 % low. Finally, it was observed that corrective exercises had a significant effect on musculoskeletal disorders of the intervention group in the neck area (p=0.051 and z=2.271), the lumbar region (p=0.05 and z= 3.256), the shoulder muscle (p<0.05, z=3.045) and the wrist/hand area (p=0.05 and z=3.276). But no change was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Corrective exercises and physical fitness training reduce musculoskeletal disorders, and corrective exercises should be incorporated into the morning exercise program.