مقايسه كيفيت خواب بازنشستگان نيروهاي نظامي فعال و غيرفعال و ارتباط آن با سلامت روان

Comparison of Sleep Quality in Active and Non-Active Military Retirement and its Relationship with Mental Health

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ از ﯾﮏ روﻧﺪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺮوي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﻟﯿﮑﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب و اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ، ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ و ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻃﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ اﯾﻔﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ در راﺳﺘﺎي ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ روان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 80 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ )40 ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل و 40 ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل( ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 65-70 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻨﻈﻢ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﺎزم در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﭘﯿﺘﺴﺒﺮگ )PSQI( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖرواﻧﯽ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ،از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ 28 ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ )28-GHQ( ﮔﻠﺪﺑﺮگ و ﻫﯿﻠﺮ )1979( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ t ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از آزﻣﻮن رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﺎمﺑﻪﮔﺎم ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖﺧﻮاب در ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖروان ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل داراي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖﺧﻮاب و ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖروان ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ )P<0/05(. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖﺧﻮاب در ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖروان ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖﺧﻮاب ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ دارد

Background and Aim: Even though aging is a natural process, many effective factors such as life style, rest and sleep pattern, stresses and confronting them can affect this process. Identifying effective factors is necessary for improving retirement quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare quality of sleep in active and non-active military retirement and its relationship with mental health. Methods: This is a descriptive - correlational study that 80 military retirement (40 active retirement and 40 non active retirement) aged 65 - 70 years, availability selected as statistical sample. Data was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and Goldberg (GHQ-28) questionnaire of mental health. In order to compare the mean of the two groups, T-test descriptive statistics and deductive statistics were used; also, Stepwise Regression was used to predict the contribution of sleep quality components to mental health of retirees. Results: The active military retirement had better scores in sleep quality and mental health than non-active military retirement (P<0.05). The result of step wise regression showed that none of the components of sleep quality could predict mental health in active and non-active military retirement. Conclusion: According to the results, there is a significant difference between active and non-active military retirement. According to the current findings it can be concluded that doing public sports has a positive and significant effect on military retirement quality of sleep and mental health.