بررسي تاثير آموزش مبتني بر الگوي سازگاري Roy بر افسردگي، اضطراب و استرس مراقبين خانگي بيماران روان

The Effect of Roy Adaptation Model-Based Training on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Home Caregivers of Mental Patients

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﻠﺎش ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران روان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ و ﺟﺴﻤﯽ در ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري روي ﺑﺮ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران روان ﻣﺰﻣﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرآزﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮلدار ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، 46 ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎر روان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ در ﺳﺎل 97 ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﯿﺰان اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ 21-DASS در دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺳﭙﺲ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 22 ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﺳﺘﺮس در دو ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ )P˂0/05(. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﺮات ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ )P˂0/05(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري روي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران روان ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻟﺬا، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل در ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران روان ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Background and Aim: Attempts to reduce depression, anxiety and stress of home caregivers of mental patients lead to better results of care givers performance and decrease psychological and physical stress in home caregivers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Roy Adaptation Model-Based training on depression, anxiety and stress in caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 46 home caregivers of psychiatric patients referred to military hospitals in 2019 were randomly assigned into two intervention and control groups. In both groups, depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using DASS-21 questionnaire in two stages before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software. Results: In the baseline, the mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were not significantly different between the two groups (P ˃ 0.05). After the intervention, the mentioned scores increased in the control group and decreased in the intervention group. In this regard there was a significant difference between the two groups (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of a Roy Adaptation Model-Based training reduces depression, anxiety and stress of home caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients. Therefore, it is recommended using this model in home caregivers of mental patients.