راهكارهاي عملي طراحي نور براي اجراي تئاتر وحشت

Practical Strategies of Light Design for Performing Horror Theater

وحشت يكي از پرمخاطبترين ژانرهاست كه ريشهاي تاريخي در ادبيات دارد و از بدو بهوجود آمدن سينما حضوري جدي و چشمگير داشته است. تئاتر نيز سعي كرده پابهپاي سينما حركت كند، گرچه سينما به مدد تكنولوژيهاي بيشتر هميشه پيشي گرفته است. وحشت در طي سالها همواره با تمهيدات جديدي در اجرا روبهرو بوده است كه باعث شده مخاطبان بيشتري پيدا كند. مقالهي حاضر به منظور بررسي راهكارهاي عملي براي طراحي نور تئاتر وحشت انجام گرفته است. وحشت مورد نظر، وحشت روحي - رواني است كه عامل پيدايش آن نيروهاي متافيزيكي (روح، شيطان و...) است. بدين منظور از روش توصيفي تحليلي استفاده شده است. اطلاعات و دادههاي پژوهش با استفاده از روشهاي كتابخانهاي نظري و مشاهده جمعآوري شد. هدف اصلي يافتن و پيشنهاد راههايي براي نشان دادن نيروهاي متافيزيكي و به وجود آوردن دلهره و ترس در مخاطب با استفاده از طراحي نور است. خلاصهي يافتهها و نتايج حاصل از پژوهش عبارت اند از: انتخاب صحيح نمايشنامه كه در آن موضوعي براي وحشت وجود داشته باشد، ايجاد فضاي تعليق و بكارگيري عوامل محيطي، ايجاد سير صعودي از ناآگاهي به شناخت، دلهره، ترس، وحشت و سپس حفظ فضاي ترس، استفادهي درست از مباني و عناصر طراحي، خط، فرم، رنگ.

Horror is one of the most popular genres which is rooted in literature and has enjoyed a serious presence since the beginning of cinema. Theater has also tried to catch up with cinema in this regard. However, cinema has always outstripped theater with the aid of more technologies. When we speak of “Horror” as a genre, we are often referring to the whole range of feelings connected to the emotion of horror, as well as dread, discomfort, revulsion, fear, and terror. Of course this is not the same fear one feels when faced with a reallife fright, but the same emotional working we feel when we cry at a tragedy or laugh at a comedy. In the case of horror, that artistic emotion is fear. Horror covers the waterfront in subject and style, but what its many different manifestations have in common is an ability to tap into our subconscious like no other genre. Horror stories have always been a way of addressing our deepest fears and desires, those ideas and emotions it might not always be possible for us to articulate even if we wanted to. Horror is thus a genre that is always ready to address the fears of the audience, these being fuelled by events and concerns on an international and national level. Horror has always made use of new strategies to be effective in performance over the years, which has resulted in more popularity among audiences. In supernatural fiction, the soul often takes the form of a ghost or spirit, whose unearthly and immaterial nature provides eloquent and terrifying rebuttal to those who claim that all that exists is what can be seen, heard, or felt. This ghost exists in a liminal space, poised somewhere between the physical world of flesh and blood and the (presumed) afterlife of pure spirit. The present study was conducted to explore practical ways to Light Design the theater of horror. The horror in question is the psychological- psychological horror that is caused by of using technology in stage design can be implemented in Iranian theater? an‎d what are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of utility? The research method used is descriptive-analytical and data collection has been used from all valid library sources. Interviews of notable directors were examined and through this, conceptual codes were extracted via Atlasi software. The findings of this study explain the ten effective factors which increases the audience’s connection with virtual theater: “sense of impossibility”, “environmental fluidity”, “color and image quality”, “scale and arrangement of space”, “variety of scenes”, “light quality”, “imaginativeness”, “sound”, “speed of movement” and finally “sense of timelessness”.