آناليز متاژنوميك ميكروبيوم ريه در مصدومين شيميايي و افراد سالم

Metagenomic Analysis of the Lung Microbiome in Chemically Injured and Healthy Individuals

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮم رﯾﻪ در ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت رﯾﻮي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﮔﺎز ﺧﺮدل ﯾﺎ ﮐﻠﺮ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮم رﯾﻪ در ﻣﺼﺪوﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮاد ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر درك ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوبﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯿﺰه ﺷﺪه در رﯾﻪ و ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت رﯾﻮي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد. روشﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮم رﯾﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮوﻧﮑﻮآﻟﻮﺋﻮﻟﺎر ﻟﺎواژ )BAL( 17 ﻣﺼﺪوم ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و 15 ﻓﺮد ﺳﺎﻟﻢ در ﺣﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮوﻧﮑﻮﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي BAL ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژن ﮐﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه 16S rRNA ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: اﻋﻀﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي Fusobacteria ، Actinobacteria ، Proteobacteria ، Bacteroidetes ، Firmicutes و Synergistetes ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮم ﻏﺎﻟﺐ رﯾﻪ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﯿﺶ از 95 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﻨﺲ، اﻋﻀﺎي ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي Catonella ، Aggregatibacter ، Atopobium ، Leptotrichia ، Prevotella و Oribacterium در ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯿﻮم رﯾﻪ ﻣﺼﺪوﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از 2 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﮐﻦ رﯾﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي Rothia mucilaginosa )3 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ(، Prevotella melaninogenica )2/7 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ(، Prevotella pallens )3/5 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ(، Actinobacillus parahaemolyticus )2/5 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ(، Veillonella parvula )2/5 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ( و Neisseria subflava )1/5 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ( در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮام ﺑﺎ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب راهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﻧﺸﺎن از ﻧﻘﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت رﯾﻮي ﻣﺼﺪوﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ دارد. ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﮐﻠﻮﻧﯿﺰه ﺷﺪه در رﯾﻪ ﻣﺼﺪوﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ راه را ﺑﺮاي درﻣﺎن ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﯾﻦ بيماران و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﻮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﻮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ.

Background and Aim: The role of the lung microbiome in respiratory complications associated with chemicals such as sulfur mustard or chlorine gas has yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to compare the structure and composition of the lung microbiome in chemically injured and healthy individuals in order to understand the relation between the population of the lung microbiota and respiratory complications caused by exposure to these chemicals. Methods: To study lung microbiota, the bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were collected from 17 chemically injured and 15 healthy cases during the bronchoscopy procedure. The diversity of lung bacteria present in BAL samples was explored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The lung microbiome dominated by members of phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Synergistetes which collectively accounted for > 95% of sequences. At the genus level, members of the genera Prevotella, Leptotrichia, Atopobium, Aggregatibacter, Catonella, and Oribacterium showed more than 2-fold increase in abundance in the lung microbiome of chemically injured patients. Comparing lung bacterial community at the species level, however, revealed an increased prevalence of members of Rothia mucilaginosa (3-fold), Prevotella melaninogenica (2.7-fold), Prevotella pallens (3.5-fold), Actinobacillus parahaemolyticus (2.5-fold), Veillonella parvula (2.5-fold), and Neisseria subflava (1.5-fold) in these patients. Conclusion: An increased abundance of bacterial species known to associate with airway inflammation suggested their implications in respiratory failure in chemically injured patients. Monitoring and maintaining the homeostasis of the microbial population colonizing lung of chemically injured patients will pave the way to develop a more targeted treatment for these patients