چكيده فارسي :
ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد در ﻫﺮ 10 ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺪام از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ-ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ و ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ، اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ و ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻠﺎﻧﯽ، ﺗﻮان، اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ، ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﭼﺎﺑﮑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻣﻮرﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و
ﺟﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﺎدﮔﯽﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ارﺗﺶ اﯾﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺪه را ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﯽﻧﻈﯿﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﻄﻮح آﻣﺎدﮔﯽﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺣﺎد ﻗﻠﺒﯽ-ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﻣﯿﺰان آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ )ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻫﻮازي و ﺑﯽﻫﻮازي( ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار در ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي
ﻣﻮادﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﭘﺎﻫﺎ و ﺗﻨﻪ ﻣﺮدان و زﻧﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﺪود در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﻣﺎدﮔﯽﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت، ﻣﺪت و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻮان رزم ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪراﺗﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋهاي ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮐﻢﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮده ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺪن و رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن دادهاﻧﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ذاﺗﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺣﺲ ﻟﺬت ﺑﺮدن از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ، اﺣﺴﺎس رﺿﺎﯾﺖ، اﻧﮕﯿﺰه و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﻠﻖ و ﺧﻮ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ. آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ داراي ﻧﯿﻢرﺧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ، و ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آﻣﺎدﮔﯽﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ دوﯾﺪن ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮد ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮاسﻓﯿﺖ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﺎدﮔﯽﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻮان رزم ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
CrossFit is an exercise program designed to provide general and inclusive physical fitness and improves fitness in all 10 areas including cardiovascular and respiratory endurance, muscle endurance and strength, power, flexibility, speed, coordination and agility. This is especially important for the military population, which must be physically fit to respond to specific occupational and combat missions.
Findings show that the CrossFit program and other functional fitness programs present the U.S. Army with unique opportunities to improve Soldiers’ fitness levels as well as trigger the acute cardiovascular training response and a significant increase in fitness (ie, aerobic and anaerobic performance). Research has shown that CrossFit workouts significantly increases the bone mineral content of legs and trunk in men and women.
The results of limited studies in CrossFit workouts show that this exercise improves the physical fitness of the participants. According to the available documentation, if CrossFit workouts is done with the proper intensity, duration, and monitoring, its physiological changes may be helpful for the combat forces. Carbohydrate diets are particularly important, according to recent studies, CrossFit workouts with low-carbohydrate diets leads to reduced body fat and with high-carbohydrate diets result in improving performance. Studies showed that Crossfit workouts are associated with improved intrinsic motivation to improve the enjoyment of exercise, satisfaction, motivation, mood, and reduce stress. Injuries related to CrossFit workouts have a similar or even lower profile than other sports and improve overall fitness the same or even better than traditional distance running and strength training. Therefore, available studies, it can be said that CrossFit workouts along with other physical fitness programs may help military combat readiness, but further studies are needed.
