بررسي رابطۀ ديالكتيكي دو عنصر رمانتيسيستي «تخيل» و «فردگرايي» در اشعار پرسي بيش شلي و فروغ فرخزاد

Examining the dialectic relationship between two romantic elements including “imagination” and “individualism” in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s and ForoughFarokhzad’s poetry

هدف مقالۀ حاضر قرائت تطبيقي رابطۀ ديالكتيكي دو عنصر «تخيل» و «فردگرايي» در اشعار پرسي بيش شلي و فروغ فرخزاد با روش توصيفي-تحليلي است. اين دو مؤلفه در آثار شاعران رمانتيك بسيار مورد تأكيد بوده‌اند و در شعر اين دو شاعر نيز داراي بسامد بالايي هستند. نتايج حاصله نشان مي-دهد كه رابطه‌اي ديالكتيكي ميان اين دو مؤلفه وجود دارد كه ضرورت بررسي آن را آشكار مي‌سازد. بررسي روابط ديالكتيكي ميان پديده‌ها و مفاهيم خاستگاهي فلسفي و تاريخي قدمتي به درازاي تاريخ تفكر دارد. ديالكتيك كشف رابطه بر اساس تضادهاي دروني است كه از فلسفۀ سقراط و افلاطون آغاز و در تفكر هگل به اوج خود مي‌رسد. در شعر شلي و فرخزاد، عنصر تخيّل از درون بستري اجتماعي به حركت در مي‌آيد، اما نهايتاً به امري بدل مي‌شود كه خصلتي فردگرايانه دارد. با اين‌حال اين بررسي نشان مي‌دهد كه برخلاف اشعار شلي كه فردگرايي و تخيل تنها يك رابطۀ ديالكتيكي بدون سنتز نهايي را شكل مي‌دهند، در شعر فرخزاد اين رابطه به يك «سنتز» جديد منجر مي‌شود كه نتيجه آن توليد شاعرانۀ نوعي «منِ جمعي» است.

Having adopted an analytic-descriptive approach, the present study aims at comparatively reading the dialectic relationship between two elements including “imagination” and “individualism” in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s and Farokhzad Farokhzad’s poetry. Imagination and individualism have been extremely highlighted in the works of romantic poets and were also frequently used in the works of the aforementioned poets .However, the obtained results revealed a dialectic relationship between the two elements which clarify the necessity to examine it. Examining the dialectic relationship between the phenomena and concepts originates in philosophy and history which is as long as the history of thought. Dialectic refers to discovering the relationship based on the internal conflicts which commenced following the philosophy of Socrates and Plato and reached its climax following Hegel’s thought.
In Shelley’s and Farokhzad’s poetry, imagination originates from the inside of the society although it ultimately changes into something characterized as being an individualist. Nonetheless, the present study shows that contrary to Shelley’s poetry in which individualism and imagination forms only one dialectic relationship with no ultimate synthesis, in Farokhzad’s poetry, this relationship leads to a new “synthesis” which is the poetic making of a kind of “Social Ego”.