تحليلي بر توزيع فضايي جرايم در شهر مياندوآب

An Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Crime in Miandoab City

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﻓﻀﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي او ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود و ﺟﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ در آن ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﺮدم در ﺣﺎﺷﯿﮥ ﺷﻬﺮ، آﻣﺎر ﺟﺮم و ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﻢ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از آﻧﻬﺎ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ زﯾﺎدي ﻗﺮار ﺑﮕﯿﺮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﺮم، ﻧﺤﻮة ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﺮمﺧﯿﺰ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﮥ ﺟﺮاﯾﻤﯽ )زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺮدان( اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎل در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎدهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار GIS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻮع و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب از اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ در ﻫﻤﮥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﭘﯿﺮوي ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺮم از ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ و ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎري و وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻏﺮب ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﺤﻼت ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺟﺮمﺧﯿﺰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Geographical space is the living environment of human beings and their activities and is where crimes take place. With the expansion of urbanization and the increase in the population of cities and people living on the outskirts of the city, crime rates have also increased in cities. The necessity of investigating and preventing crimes has caused a great deal of attention to the analysis of spatial distribution of crime. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of crime, the distribution of crime and identify the hazardous areas in the areas of Miandoab city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and spatial correlation. The statistical population of this study is all crimes (men and women) that have occurred during a year in Miandoab city.GIS software was used for data analysis. The results show that the assessment of the spatial distribution of the type and amount of crime in Miandoab does not follow a similar pattern throughout the city. As the mass increased from the center of the city to the west and southwest, the highest level of anomalies and mass occurred in the city center to the west. According to the results of the study, western districts of the city are the most densely populated areas of Miandoab city.