تقاضا براي نيروي كار، ديسك توليد و كارايي اشتغال در صنايع بزرگ ايران

Labor Demand, Production Risk and Employment Efficiency in Iranʹs Large Industries

This paper is concerned with the estimation of a system of labour demand functions and employment efficiency under production risk. Panel data for nine industrial groups over 1971-93 period is used to estimate the parameters of a Translog demand system. The two-way error component model with fixed effect is estimated. Labour demand is assumed to depend on the same variables as well as government expenditure, money supply and the ratio of industrial exports to value added. A multi-step procedure is used to estimate the parameters of model. Estimation of the production risk involves non-linear method. In two-way error model labour demand elasticity with respect to output, wage, capital stock and technology have expected signs. Labour demands are generally found to he inelastic. Our analysis of labour-use efficiency point to very low efficiency rates in Iranʹs large industries. We find that tree industrial groups have over utilized labour.