اثربخشي طرحواره درماني بر تنظيم شناختي هيجان و كيفيت زندگي در افراد مبتال به آسم

The effectiveness of schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life in asthmatic individuals

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: آﺳﻢ از ﺷﺎﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺰﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري در ﺑﺮوز و وﺧﺎﻣﺖ آن دﺧﯿﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻃﺮﺣﻮاره درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن-ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي آﺳﻢ و آﻟﺮژي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 40 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه 20 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ 6/32 ± 29/5 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﮔﺮاﻧﻔﺴﮑﯽ و ﮐﺮاﯾﺞ )2006( و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎﻻن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎرك و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران )1992( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻃﺮﺣﻮاره درﻣﺎﻧﯽ )8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻮاره درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮد )0/05≤p(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از اﯾﻦ درﻣﺎن در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮد و از اﯾﻦ راه ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﻮد.

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and many psychological factors are involved in the onset and severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life in asthmatic individuals. Methods: The research method used was quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all asthmatic individuals who referred to asthma and allergy clinics in Bushehr in year 2019, using a voluntary sampling method, 40 of them were selected and randomly assigned to experimental group and control group (each group of 20 person). The mean age of the samples was 29.5 ± 6.32 years. To collect data cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski & Kraaij and quality of life in adults with Asthma Mark & et al (1992) were used. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The experimental group underwent schema therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes) but the control group received no treatments. Data were analysed using Covariance Analysis. Results: The results showed that schema therapy was effective to increase cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life in asthmatic individuals (p≤0.05) Conclusion: According to the results, this treatment can be used to increase cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life in asthmatic individuals.