كاربرد ذغال فعال، اسيد آسكوربيك و فلوروگلوسينول در كنترل قهوه‌اي شدن كالوس و القاء اندام‌زايي غيرمستقيم در انجير معابد (Ficus religiosa L.)

Activated Charcoal, Ascorbic Acid and Phloroglucinol Control Callus Browning and Induce Indirect Organogenesis in Ficus religiosa L.

اﻧﺠﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ )Ficus religiosa درﺧﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮره ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ارزش زﯾﻨﺘﯽ و داروﯾﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و در ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ اﺳﯿﺪ آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ، ﻓﻠﻮروﮔﻠﻮﺳﯿﻨﻮل و ذﻏﺎل ﻓﻌﺎل در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺷﺪن ﮐﺎﻟﻮس و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎززاﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻟﻮس ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﮏ اﻧﺠﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ درون ﺷﯿﺸﻪ اي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، از ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﯿﺪ آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ )500 و 1000 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ(، ﻓﻠﻮروﮔﻠﻮﺳﯿﻨﻮل )100 و 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( و ذﻏﺎل ﻓﻌﺎل )2 و 4 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ MS ﺣﺎوي 1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ BAP ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه 0/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ IBA اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﻨﻞ، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن 1000 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد واﮐﺸﺖ )3-2( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎز زاﯾﯽ )100 %(، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره )5/56( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد واﮐﺸﺖ )11/33( از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻓﻠﻮروﮔﻠﻮﺳﯿﻨﻮل ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰودن ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ از اﺳﯿﺪ آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ و ذﻏﺎل ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﯽ رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

Bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa) is a long-lived valuable multi-purposed forest tree. The tree is exploited due to its ornamental and medicinal value and is used in religious ceremonies. The propagation rate in natural habitat is low. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid, phloroglucinol and activated charcoal in controlling callus browning and shoot multiplication in in vitro culture of Ficus religiosa plantlets using callus from leaf segments. The treatments included various concentrations of ascorbic acid (500 and 1000 mg/l), phloroglucinol (100 and 200 mg/l) and activated charcoal (2 and 4 g/l) added to the basal MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP along with 0.1 mg/l IBA. The culture medium containing 1000 mg/l of ascorbic acid controlled callus browning effectively. In this medium the least number of sub-cultures (2-3) were carried out. The highest regeneration frequency (100%), the maximum number of multiple shoots (5.56) and the highest number of subcultures (11.33) were obtained on basal medium supplemented with 200 mg/l phloroglucinol. Finaly, the results of the current study revealed that production of phenolic compounds of explants was significantly controlled by incorporating higher levels of ascorbic acid and activated charcoal into the culture medium.