پديد آورندگان :
اﺳﮑﻨﺪري، ﺳﻤﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﯽﻋﺼﺮ رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن , ﻣﻈﻔﺮي، وﺣﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﯽﻋﺼﺮ رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن - گروه خاكشناسي , ﺗﺎج آﺑﺎديﭘﻮر، اﺣﻤﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﯽﻋﺼﺮ رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن - گروه خاكشناسي , دﺷﺘﯽ، ﺣﺴﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﯽﻋﺼﺮ رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
چكيده فارسي :
در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﯿﺰ اﯾﺮان، ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن pH و ﺷﻮري، ﺟﺬب و ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻢﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺟﺪي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮي ﭼﻮن ﻣﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮان ﮐﻤﺒﻮد اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺿﺮورت دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺲ و ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮف در ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره و رﯾﺸﻪ داﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﯾﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1387 در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪي داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه وﻟﯽﻋﺼﺮ )ﻋﺞ( رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري )0 ، 800 ، 1600 ، 2400 و 3200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 2 ﺗﺎ 20 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ(، ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺲ )2/5 ،0 ، 5 و 7/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﻣﺲ در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﺲ( و دو رﻗﻢ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ )ﺑﺎداﻣﯽ زرﻧﺪي و ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ را در ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره و رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 2/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﻣﺲ در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﺬب ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف 7/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﻣﺲ در ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك ﺟﺬب ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف در رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎداﻣﯽ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از رﻗﻢ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
In pistachio-cultured soils of Iran, particularly Rafsanjan, due to high pH and salinity, uptake and solubility of micronutrients is a serious problem and consequently, pistachio trees incline to micronutrient deficiency. Therefore, consideration of strategies such as soil or foliar application of micronutrients including Cu and Zn is essential to reduction or compensation of the elements deficiencies in pistachio plants. For this, a factorial experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications to study the effects of soil Cu and salinity application on macronutrient total uptake of pistachio seedlings in agriculture college greenhouse of vali-e-Asr university of Rafsanjan in May 2008. Treatments consisted of five salinity levels (0, 800, 1600, 2400 and 3200 mg NaCl kg soil-1), four Cu levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg Cu kg soil-1) and two pistachio cultivars (Badami Zarand and Ghazvini). Results showed that salinity stress significantly decreased P, K, Ca and Mg total shoot and root uptake (P<0.05). Application of 2.5 mg Cu Kg-1soil significantly increased P, K, and Mg total root uptake. Although, this increment statistically was not significant for K. Cu treatment had no significant effect on macronutrient total shoot uptake. Just, application of 7.5 mg Cu Kg-1 soil, significantly decreased K total shoot uptake. In conclusion, total uptake of all elements of ‘Badami Zarand’ cultivar was significantly higher than ‘Ghazvini’.
