ﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﻬﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي (62/154 .Populus nigra L)

Effect of Poplar cutting diameter on some vegetative characteristics of seedlings (Populus nigra L. 62/154)

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ زﯾﺎد و اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﺑﺮاي دورهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎده ﭼﻮﺑﯽ در ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ زراﻋﺖ ﭼﻮب در ﮐﺸﻮر و ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮدن ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ و ﺑﺎزار رو ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺧﺮﯾﺪ و ﻓﺮوش ﻧﻬﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺟﻠﺐ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻏﯿﺮﺟﻨﺴﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ زاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎل ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ از ﺿﺮورﯾﺎت در زراﻋﺖ ﭼﻮب اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. روﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻬﺎل ﮐﺎري و درﺧﺖ ﮐﺎري ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮﻫﺎ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ و ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻬﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﻗﻮيﺗﺮ و ﺳﺎﻟﻢﺗﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ )62/154 .Populus nigra L( ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺗﻌﺪاد 51 ﻧﻬﺎل ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ از ﻧﻬﺎﻟﺴﺘﺎن دﮐﺘﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﺸﯿﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﯿﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ، ﻗﻠﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮐﻼﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﺮي 1-2، 2-3 و 3-4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺮدن ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري وارد ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺣﺬف داده ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮت و آزﻣﻮن ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ دادهﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎي داﻧﮑﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮐﻼﺳﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ 5 درﺻﺪ داراي ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﺮي 3-4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 224/96 و 78/73 ﮔﺮم، 3/75 و 275/89 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﻗﻠﻤﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻗﻄﺮي ﺑﯿﻦ 3 اﻟﯽ 4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ از وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮي ﺑﯿﻦ 1 اﻟﯽ 2 و 2 اﻟﯽ 3 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻬﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﺪه از ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻮر )3-4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهاﻧﺪ. در ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻄﺮي، ﻗﻠﻤﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ 3- 2 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻬﺎل ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ

In order to Determining of the effect of cutting diameter on stem and leaf dry weight, collar diameter and stem length of poplar seedlings (Populus nigra L. 62/154), 51 seedlings were selected and removed from planting bed using a systematic random sampling method, Three classes of cuttings based on middle diameter size (1-2, 2-3 and 3-4 cm) were chosen. Collar diameter, stem length, weight of dried stem and leaves were the other parameters measured. All measurements were analyzed using SPSS software and applying Duncan test. Results showed significant differences (P=0.05) among three classes of measurements. Cuttings with 3-4 cm diameter showed high value of stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, collar diameter, and stem length (224.96 g, 78.7276 g, 3.75 cm and 275.89 cm respectively). There was a significant relationship between cutting’s diameter and the other measurements (P=0.01). Based on this study the best results of seedling growth were obtained from cuttings with a diameter of 3-4 cm for this species.