ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺼﻠﯽ آن در ﺗﻌﺪادي از آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ

Comparison of base flow separation techniques and its seasonal variations in some watersheds of Ardabil Province

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آب ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺟﺰاء ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ از ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ زﯾﺮﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻧﺸﺄت ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ از ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از ﺟﺮﯾﺎن، ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻗﺖ واﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرش رواﻧﺎب اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات زﻣﺎﻧﯽ دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و رواﻧﺎب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل در ﯾﮏ دوره 21 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ از ﺳﺎل 1368-1389 در 22 ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ در اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻤﯽ )ﻣﺤﺪوده زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ، ﻣﺤﺪوده زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺷﻮﻧﺪه و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ( و روش ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ )اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮه، اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ دو ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮه ﺑﺎﮔﺘﻮن، اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮه IHACRES، ﻟﯿﻦ و ﻫﻮﻟﯿﮏ، اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﭼﺎﭘﻤﻦ و اﯾﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ( در ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ دﺑﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اداﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ رواﻧﺎب ﮐﻞ و دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺼﻠﯽ دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻤﯽ و ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮوﮐﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روش ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮي اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮه ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ 0/84 ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش در ﺑﺮآورد دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و رواﻧﺎب ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ و ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻏﺮب و ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي دوﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﮕﻠﻮ، ﺳﺎﻣﯿﺎن و ﻓﯿﺮوزآﺑﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و رواﻧﺎب ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده، وﻟﯽ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن داراي ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ دﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و رواﻧﺎب راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ وﺟﻮد دارد.

Base flow is an important component of flow hydrograph which originated from groundwater flow reserves. The aim of this study was to compare graphically and recursive digital filtering techniques in base flow separation and selection of appropriate methods to estimate the base flow contribution in number of rivers over Ardebil Province. Also, temporal changes of base flow and surface runoff through months of the year were analyzed in a 22-year period from 1389 to 1368 over 22 watersheds in the Ardabil Province is another aim of this study. Therefore, the performance graphical methods, and digital filtering techniques, were evaluated in base flow separation. The comparison of separated base flow amounts with recession analysis method indicates that the One-parameter algorithm was the best method in separation of base flow, was used to estimate the base flow contribution through the studied stations. Then the average values of total runoff and base flow were calculated in different seasonal changes of base flow were prepared.The low amount of base flow were observed in the Eastern part of the study area, while the West and Southwest parts of the Ardabil Provinces had the highest base flow component, as well as the maximum amount of the base flow is related to the three months of the spring season. It should be noted that the highest base flow amount were observed in summer season in the Hir, Sola, and Iril stations, the potential variations in the surface runoff and base flow components through seasons in different watersheds.