ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي رواﺑﻂ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺮاﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اﮐﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮏ

Modeling of Metapopulation Spatial Interface using Ecogenetics Software

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻓﺮا ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از واﺣﺪﻫﺎي زﯾﺮﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮاﻧﻌﯽ از ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و درون ﯾﮏ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. درون ﯾﮏ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ و ﺗﮑﻪ ﺗﮑﻪ ﺷﺪن زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﻠﯽ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎي ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﺳﯿﻤﺎي ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﻤﺎي ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﺮاي درك ﺑﻬﺘﺮ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻧﺤﻮه ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ و اﻣﺮوزه زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ راﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻔﮑﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺟﺰﯾﺮه اي، زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺗﮑﻪ ﺗﮑﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ورود داده ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻧﺮخ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ و اﻧﻘﺮاض در ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﯿﺎن ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اﮐﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي رواﺑﻂ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺮاﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﮑﺎن را ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺮد، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ و ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﻘﺮاض ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﯾﺎ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻃﺮاف ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﯾﺪ.

Abstract1 Background and Objectives: Metapopulation is a spatial structure of the population that is composed of the following units which are separated by some barriers and are located within a landscape. There are different patch sizes inside a landscape and fragmentation of habitat leads to separation of the patch and the overall changes in the landscape which, as a dynamic process, causes change in habitat pattern in the landscape. Materials and Methods: Modeling is the best method for determining the position of patches according to landscape characteristics and species. Modeling is a technique to better understand the relationship between biological patches and their relationship with together. Nowadays, conservation biology based on metapopulation models provided a way of thinking about management of terrestrial habitat islands, fragmented habitats and heterogeneous terrestrial environments. Results: So, by entering data such as length and width of the study area, number and position of patches, the coordinates and area, birth and extinction rates and permeability rate in each of the patches into the software Ecogenetics the Metapopulation Spatial Interface can be modeled. Conclusion: Therefore, this paper describes the Spatial Interface that allows the characteristics of the habitat patches, carrying capacity, growth and extinction rate and permeability or dispersion of population from the surrounding environment be obtained as an output map.