مروري ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪي (DCS) ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي

A Brief Review in Biological Methods to Control Dissolved and Colloidal Substances (DCS) in Papermaking System

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺳﺨﺖ و ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ آب در ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي، ﻣﻮاد ﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪي و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل )DCS( در آب ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ DCS در آب ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﺧﻮردﮔﯽ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات، ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮐﻒ، ﻗﯿﺮ و رﺳﻮب را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل DCS ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ را در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﻓﺰودن ﭘﻠﯽ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺗﯿﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺧﻨﺜﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﯾﮏ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ و اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﺴﺎب ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﻮرد اﺛﺮات آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺧﻤﯿﺮ و ﮐﺎﻏﺬ، ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎ و آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ راه ﮐﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ دوﺳﺖ دار ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ و ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﯿﭙﺎز، ﭘﮑﺘﯿﻨﺎز و آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ آوري ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ دوﺳﺖ دارمحيط زيست نيز مي باشند. به عنوان مثال با استفاده از آنزيم ها (ليپاز) به ويژه در حالت تثبيت شده، مي توان ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺪازه ذرات رﺳﻮﺑﺎت رزﯾﻨﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺪورت ﭘﺴﺎب ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ رﺷﺪ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ در آبﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﮐﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﻮاع ﻻﮐﺎز، ﺳﻠﻮﻻز و ﻟﯿﭙﺎز از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ رﺷﺪ ﻗﺎرچ و آزاد ﺷﺪن در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آب ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻗﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﺟﺰاي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ DCS را ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺮده و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ را در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﯿﮕﻨﺎن ﻫﺎ، ﻣﻮاد اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ و ﻣﻘﺪار رزﯾﻦ و اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آب ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي اﯾﻔﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از ﻗﺎرچ و آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت DCS ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ واﺣﺪ دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت آﻟﯽ DCS و ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ آﻧﯿﻮﻧﯽ در ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Abstract1 Background and Objectives: With the implementation of strict environmental laws and water circuit closure in the papermaking mills, dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) are accumulated in the white water. The DCS excessive accumulation in process water may reduce the runnability and increase the corrosion of equipment, foam formation, and increase precipitated pitch. Thus, DCS control plays an important role to improve the paper machine runnability as well as the paper quality. The addition of cationic poly-electrolyte as a neutralizer is a traditional strategy to reduce the content of the substances causing hazardous usage of chemicals and increases the pollution load and environmental impacts of paper mill effluent. With regard to increase in level of knowledge about the effects of pollution in the pulp and paper industry, it is strongly demanded to replace traditional processes with "green processes" including the use of the microorganisms and enzymes which are not only a practical and economically alternative, but also environmentally friendly ones. Materials and Methods: In recent years, using biological methods such as enzyme and fungi have been proposed to solve the problems present in paper making process. In the current research, the effect of using biological treatments including different enzymes of lipase, pectinase and also immobilized enzymes has been investigated. Results: Utilization of enzymatic technologies not only is a practical and economic alternative, but also environmentally friendly. For instance, the average particle size of resinous deposits and the amount of turbidity in the final effluent can be significantly reduced with enzymes (lipase), especially in immobilized form. Also, the growth of white-rot fungi in water results in a significant reduction in total dissolved and colloidal substances in the system. Various enzymes such as the types of laccase, cellulase and lipases, will directly be able to destroy various components of DCS through fungal growth and release in a white water system, and will play an important role in declining lignans, extractives and the amount of resin fatty acids in the paper mill white water. Also under controlled conditions, the combination of fungi and enzymes is more effective in destroying some of the DCS compounds than a single enzyme. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that biotechnology can be effective in the destruction of DCS organic compounds or anionic trashes, for controlling and solving problems related to them which may improve the quality of the final paper.