تدابير لازم براي بيان و توليد پروتئين هاي نوتركيب در گياهان و تخليص آنها

Strategies required for expression and production of recombinant proteins in plants and their purification

استفاده از گياهان مهندسي شده به عنوان بيوراكتورهاي توليد پروتئين­هاي هترولوگوس، جايگزيني بسيار مناسب براي سيستم هاي بياني متداول كشت­هاي سلولي پستانداران و سيستم­هاي حيواني تراريخته هستند. براي توليد كارآمد پروتئين­ هاي نوتركيب، انتخاب گونه ميزبان بسيار اهميت دارد كه در اين خصوص انتخاب گونه ميزبان وابسته به نوع پروتئين نوتركيب، سيكل زندگي ميزبان و عملكرد آن، هزينه ­هاي نگهداري و افزايش مقياس توليد مي­ باشد. از مهم­ترين مزاياي سيستم­هاي بياني مبتني بر گياهان مي ­توان به مقرون به صرفه بودن سيستم­هاي گياهي، عدم آلودگي پروتئين­هاي نوتركيب مشتق شده از گياهان با ميكروارگانيسم­هاي بيماريزاي انساني بدليل عدم ميزباني گياهان براي عوامل بيماريزاي انساني، آساني و كم هزينه بودن استحصال و تخليص پروتئين­هاي نيازمند پردازش­هاي پايين دستي در گياهان و انجام بيشتر تغييرات پس ترجمه ­اي مورد نياز براي پايداري و فعاليت پروتئين توسط گياهان اشاره كرد.

Engineered plants as bioreactors for production of heterologous proteins are appropriate replacement for conventional expression systems such as mammalian cell culture and transgenic animals. For efficient production of recombinant proteins, the type of host species is very important and its choice depends on the type of recombinant proteins, plant life cycle and its performance, and maintenance or production costs. The most important benefits of plant-based expression systems could be included: cost effective of the plant systems, no contamination of recombinant proteins derived from plants with human pathogenic microorganisms due to host-less of plants to human pathogens, easy and low cost of extraction and purification of proteins, more post-translational changes required for the stability and activity of protein by plants. For development of plant-based production of recombinant proteins, optimization of protein expression level is essential. In this regard; various factors controlling the expression of target gene at levels of transcription, translation, post-translational modifications and recombinant protein accumulation are involved. On the other hand, lower amounts of expressed recombinant proteins are serious problem limiting commercial exploitation of plants bioreactors. Thus improving the accumulation of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants is an important factor in the desirability of an expression system. In this regard, the accession of signals in C-terminal of target proteins leads to increased retention and accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. After production of recombinant proteins, the use of affinity tag for purification of proteins are very effective and useful, so protein purification will possible without prior notification of their biochemical properties.