نمادگرايي و تمثيلات اجتماعي حافظانه در بيان و انديشه هاي هوشنگ ابتهاج (شاعر معاصر)

Symbolism and social allegories of Hafez in the expression and thought of Ebtehaj (contemporary poet)

انديشه و دغدغه‌هاي اجتماعي «ابتهاج» در پيوند با ذوق زيباگرايانه‌ي ادبي و دلبستگي وي به غزل كلاسيك به ويژه غزل‌هاي حافظ، و نيز عرصه‌ي پرالتهاب سياسي دهه‌ي سي شمسي، رنگ و بوي كلام و شعر وي را جلوه‌اي بخشيده كه او را از ساير شاعران هم‌عصر خويش همچون «فريدون توللي»، «رهي معيري»، متمايز مي‌سازد. ابتهاج كه شاعري غزل‌سراست و توانايي خود را در شعر نو نيز نشان داده از حيث استخدام واژگان و تعابير، و ساخت نحوي اشعارش و نمادها و تمثيلات و مضامين فكري، متاثر از شيوه حافظ است. روش تحقيق تمثيلي حاضر، كيفي و توصيفي است. در اين تحقيق، غزل‌هاي دفتر شعر «سياه مشق» مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد: از ويژگي‌هاي بارز اشعارش، تصويرسازي نمادين و تمثيل گرايانه و تا حدي بازآفريني نمادهاي حافظانه براي بيان موضوعات اجتماعي نظير نبودن آزادي و وجود استبداد، دردمندي ها و جو اختناقي است كه بر جامعه‌ي روزگار خويش حاكم بوده است. اين شيوه و فضاي سياسي دهه‌ي سي شمسي، او را به جريان سمبوليسم اجتماعي سوق داده و شگردهاي زباني و هنري حافظ ، الهام‌بخش سايه بوده است. اين نوع بازآفريني و پيروي از حافظ، وجه تشخص و امتياز غزليات سايه قلمداد شده است. با اين هدف ابتهاج توانسته تصاوير و تمثيل هاي مرسوم عرفاني و تغزلي را در پاسخ به ضرورت و سوالات تحقيق تبديل به نمادهايي كند كه پيام‌رسان موضوعات اجتماعي باشد

Ebtehaj's social thought and concerns in connection with his literary aesthetic taste and his attachment to classical lyric poetry, especially Hafez's lyric poems, as well as the inflammatory political arena of the 1930s, gave him the color and smell of his words and poetry. He distinguishes himself as "Fereydoun Tavaloli" and "Rahi Moayeri". Ebtehaj, who is a lyric poet, has also shown his ability in modern poetry, but the poet's aesthetic taste has enabled him to compose lyric poems that follow Hafez in various dimensions, Allegories, including employing vocabulary and interpretations, intellectual themes and syntactic construction. The present research method is qualitative and descriptive. In this study, shadow lyric poems from the "Black Exercise" poetry book have been studied. Research findings show that one of the hallmarks of his poetry is symbolic expression and depiction, which is to some extent the re-creation of memorable symbols to express social issues such as lack of freedom and the existence of tyranny, pain and oppression that dominate the society of his time. This political style and atmosphere of the 1930s led him to social symbolism, and Hafez's linguistic and artistic methods and techniques in expressing socialism inspired the shadow. This type of recreating and following Hafez has been considered as a way to identify and score shadows. Ebtehaj has also been able to transform traditional mystical and romantic lyrical images and Conventional mystical allegories, symbols into symbols that convey the message of social issues and improve the quality and artistic level of his sonnets.