پديد آورندگان :
رسولى، على اكبر دانشگاه خوارزمى - گروه تاريخ، تهران، ايران , رضوى، ابوالفضل دانشگاه خوارزمى - گروه تاريخ، تهران، ايران , پرگارى، صالح دانشگاه خوارزمى - گروه تاريخ، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
تيموري , علما , خوشنويسي , هنر
چكيده فارسي :
دوره ي تيموري، عصري طلايي در رواج و تكامل خوشنويسي ايراني است؛ در اين دوره با ابداع و رواج خط نستعليق، خوشنويسان توانمندي پديدار گشتند. خوشنويسان به عنوان يكي از اقشار مهم تعاملاتي با ديگر طبقات اجتماعي در عصر خودشان داشته اند. مسأله اصلي اين مقاله، بررسي كيفيت و چگونگي روابط بين علما و خوشنويسان در دوره تيموري است. فرضيه مورد نظر پژوهشگر در انجام پژوهش اين بود كه در اين دوره، به دليل حمايت تيموريان از هنر خوشنويسي، اين هنر در سطح جامعه نيز مورد توجه فرهيختگان واقع شد و از آنجايي كه خوشنويسان به كتابت متون مذهبي مي‌پرداختند، چنين به نظر رسيد كه روابط ميان خوشنويسان و علما در اين دوره در تعامل باشد. روش انجام پژوهش توصيفي-تحليلي و گردآوري اطلاعات آن از طريق مراجعه به منابع كتابخانه‌اي و اسناد صورت گرفت. پس از بررسي و تحليل داده‌ها، فرضيه مورد نظر اثبات گرديد. نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش نمايان ساخت كه در عصر تيموري، علماي شيعه و خوشنويسان در تعامل با يكديگر به فعاليت هاي فرهنگي و اجتماعي مشغول بوده اند، به گونه اي كه اهميت و فضيلت خط نزد علما از يكسو و توجه خوشنويسان به علوم مذهبي و عرفاني از ديگر سو پيوند محكمي بين آنان برقرار نمود.
چكيده لاتين :
The Timurid period is a golden age in the popularity
and evolution of Iranian calligraphy. During this period,
with the invention and spread of Nas taliq, calligraphers
emerged. Calligraphers as one of the mos t important
groups have interacted with other social classes in their
time. The main issue of this article is to examine the quality
and manner of relations between scholars and calligraphers
in the Timurid period. The researcher’s hypothesis
in this research was that in this period, due to the Timurid
support for the art of calligraphy, art was also considered
by the educated in the society and since calligraphers
wrote religious texts, it seemed that the relationship between
calligraphers and scholars This course is interactive.
The method of conducting descriptive-analytical research
and data collection was done by referring to library resources
and documents. After reviewing and analyzing the
data, the hypothesis was proved. The results of this s tudy
showed that in the Timurid era, Shiite scholars and calligraphers
interacted with each other cultural and social
activities in such a way that the importance and virtue of
calligraphy among scholars and calligraphers’ attention to
mys tical religious sciences on the other hand, es tablished
a s trong bond between them.
The art of calligraphy has two notable features: firs t, it
made a living through this art and they worked in government
courts and courts of law and copying and writing.
In fact, they were responsible for the transfer of science
and knowledge. On the other hand, if some calligraphers
turned to this art with a heartfelt interes t and were less interes
ted in material interes ts, they would have paid more
attention to the criteria of art and beauty. This group of calligraphers
usually had s tudents who tried to promote this
art by educating and training younger calligraphers. They
were mos tly considered by scholars, princes and elders,
and in fact the calligraphy and its evolution and validity
were done by these people.
The Timurid period is an era in which, despite the turmoil,
the exis ting socio-cultural and political problems
of its early formation are known as the Renaissance and
flourishing. In a nutshell, political s tability is the economic
boom of religious freedom and respect for religion
and their leaders. The Timurid era is an influential factor
in the flourishing of the art of this period. Different cultural
groups have always had close relations in the Timurid
era, but in this period, the level of communication between
scholars and calligraphers ismore visible than before. During
this period, due to the emergence and spread of Sufi
and Shiite sects of the religion and due to the deep connection
between the art of calligraphy and the religion of
Islam, calligraphers of the Timurid period had Shiite and
Sufi tendencies. During this period, scholars were considered
serious calligraphers, and sometimes even some of
them, in addition to mas tering religious or intellectual sciences,
learned the art of calligraphy in order to have a better
social s tatus in society.
