بررسي كاركردهاي نظرية پراپ در حكايات اسرارالتوحيد

Study of Functions of Propp's Theory in Asrar-al-Tawhid Tales

كتاب اسرارالتوحيد برمبناي آموزش سلوك عارفانه و به شيوة قصه‌گويي تصنيف شده است. محمد بن منور، تعاليم عرفانيِ شيخ ابوسعيد را با بيان كردن آن در قالب حكايات موثر و دلنشين براي مخاطبان خويش، جذاب و قابل فهم كرده است. ريخت‌شناسي عبارت است از توصيف قصه براساس اجزاي تشكيل‌دهندة آن و مناسبات اين اجزا با هم و با مجموعِ اثر روايي. مهم‌ترين عنصر مورد بررسي در ريخت‌‌شناسي، يافتن كاركردهاي ثابت داستان است. هدف اين مقاله برجسته كردن ويژگي‌هاي تعليمي اسرارالتوحيد براساس ريخت‌‌شناسي آن با بهره‌گيري از نظرية پراپ و همچنين تبيين قابليت داستان پردازي محمد منور و ميزان موفقيت او در تاثيرگذاري حكاياتش بر مخاطبان است. تحليل ريخت‌‌شناسي اسرارالتوحيد با پررنگ ساختن عملكردهايي كه بر مدار تعليمات ابوسعيد مي‌چرخند از منظر ساختار به ادبيات تعليمي نگريسته است و نشان مي‌دهد عملكردهاي انكار، كرامت، تحول و توبه چگونه روايت را به سمت هدف مولف، يعني تعليم، سوق مي‌دهد.

Asrar-al-Tawhid book was composed on the basis of mystical behavior instruction and in the form of storytelling. Mohammad Monavvar made mystic instructions of Sheikh Abou Saeed attractive and digestible for his audience by expressing them in the form of effective and enjoyable tales.The morphology is defined as tale description based upon its components and interrelation of these particles between each other and the whole narrative work. The most important case study in morphology is to find fixed functions in fiction. Asrar-Al-Tawhid by Mohammad Monavvar is one of the fundamental Sufi biographic books which due to its numerous allegories can be studied in structural-morphological method. In this thesis, based on Propp’s morphological pattern, we have proceeded a morphological explanation of allegories in this book; and we have attempted (with a structural point of view, and by means of morphology in Asrar-Al-Tawhid stories) to study the Mohammad Monavvar’s technique in storytelling and measure his allegories’ success in having influence on readers. By analyzing its functions, we have reached a substantiated generalizations. The morphological analysis of Asrar-Al-Tawhid by highlighting the functions around Mohammad Monavvar’s instructions, looks at didactic literature through a structural point of view. It shows that how the functions of denial, munificence, evolution and repentance actuate the narration to author’s purpose: The denial of Abou Saeed’s opponents brings complication into existence, Abou Saeed’s generosity is the climax, and the dissenters’ evolution is its denouement..