بررسي فقهي گواهي سپرده كالايي به روش اجتهاد چندمرحله‌اي

A Fiqh-based Study of Commodity's Certificate of Deposit through Multi phase ijtihad

بخش كشاورزي در كشور اساس توسعه بوده و از بخش­هاي مهم اقتصادي است و براي رشد بيشتر آن نيازمند تأمين مالي است. ازآنجاكه بازار پولي و بانكي به‌تنهايي پاسخگو نيست، بايد به منظور رشد پايدار از امكانات بازار سرمايه و از جمله گواهي سپرده كالايي استفاده شود. در اين پژوهش، ضمن اشاره به مطلوب نبودن سهم گروه كالاهاي كشاورزي از معاملات بورس كالا و انواع ابزارهاي مالي، گواهي سپرده كالايي تعريف و مزاياي آن مطرح گرديده است و در ادامه با توضيح ابعاد فقهي ابزار فوق، امكان‌سنجي فقهي آن، به روش تحقيق اجتهاد چندمرحله‌اي مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. نتايج اين پژوهش بيانگر آن است كه ابزار مذكور مصداق عقد بيع بوده و ضوابط عمومي و اختصاصي مربوط به آن حسب نظر خبرگان فقه مالي و آراء مراجع عظام تقليد رعايت گرديده است.

The agricultural sector is the basis of development in each country and it is considered among significant sectors in economy. This sector also needs financing for its progress. Because the Monetary and banking market is not sufficient to answer the demands, it is critical to use the potentials of capital market such as Commodity's Certificate of Deposit. In this study; in addition to mentioning the fact that the share of agricultural commodities in commodity exchange transactions and various financial instruments is not in an acceptable position, the definition of Commodity's Certificate of Deposit and its advantages have been presented. Moreover, an explanation of the above mentioned financial instrument aspects in Islamic Fiqh, and also an assessment of its possibility in Islamic Fiqh via multiphase ijtihad have been studied. The findings of this study show that the financial instrument is the equivalent of Bai and its general and specific rules have been organized based on the viewpoints of Marjas the elites of Financial Fiqh.