بررسي تأثير محلول‌پاشي متانول بر تغييرات رشد، عملكرد دانه و موسيلاژ گياه خاكشير (Descurainia sophia L.)

Effect of Methanol Spraying on Seed Yield and Mucilage of Flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.)

خاكشير گياه دارويي ارزشمندي است كه مصرف دانه‌هاي آن در صنايع داروسازي براي توليد موسيلاژ اهميت زيادي دارد. متانول به‌عنوان يك محرك زيستي روي گياهان سه كربنه مانند خاكشير مي‌تواند باعث افزايش تثبيت دي‌اكسيدكربن و كاهش تنفس نوري شود كه در نتيجه ماده خشك بيشتري در اين گياهان توليد خواهد شد. اين آزمايش به منظور بررسي تأثير محلول‌پاشي متانول بر تغييرات عملكرد دانه و موسيلاژ گياه خاكشير در مزرعه‌اي طي سال‌هاي 1395-1396 در شهرستان خوي در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با 5 تيمار محلول‌پاشي و 3 تكرار اجرا شد. محلول‌پاشي در طول فصل رشد طي سه نوبت با فواصل زماني 12 روز يك بار انجام شد. تيمارهاي آزمايش شامل تيمار شاهد (محلول‌پاشي با آب‌مقطر بدون كاربرد متانول) و محلول‌پاشي با چهار غلظت مختلف متانول شامل 10، 20، 30 و 40 درصد حجمي بود. نتايج نشان داد محلول‌پاشي غلظت‌هاي مختلف متانول تأثير معني‌داري بر تعداد ساقه فرعي بوته، تعداد برگ بوته، وزن خشك بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، عملكرد دانه، عملكرد موسيلاژ دانه، خاكستر دانه، شاخص تورم دانه (05/0p ≤ )، ارتفاع بوته و وزن هزار دانه (05/0p ≤ ) گياه داشت. محلول‌پاشي متانول به‌عنوان يك محرك زيستي فعال در توليد گياهان دارويي موجب بهبود عملكرد دانه و موسيلاژ دانه خاكشير شد. به‌طور‌كلي بيشترين مقادير براي خصوصيات مورد ارزيابي در القاي تيمار محلول‌پاشي با غلظت 40 درصد حجمي متانول حاصل شد.

Background and Objectives Descurainia sophia L. is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry because its seeds are used for the production of mucilages. Methanol spraying, as a biological stimulant on three carbonaceous plants, can increase carbon dioxide stability and reduce respiration, resulting in more dry matter in these plants. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of methanol spraying on seed yield and mucilage variation of D. sophia based on randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications in a field experiment in Khoy, Iran. The treatments consisted of the control treatment (distilled water without methanol application) with 4 concentrations of methanol spraying (containing 10, 20, 30 and 40%) carried out during the growing season three times at intervals of 12 days (36, 48, 60 days after planting). After the last spraying at the time of full maturity, the plants in each plot were taken individually. The measured morphophysiological characteristics included plant height, plant leaf number, plant stem number, plant dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. Also, the measured phytochemical traits included seed ash content, mucilage percentage and yield, and inflation index. Results Results showed that foliar application of different concentrations of methanol had a significant effect on number of plant stems, number of plant leaves, plant dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, grain yield, seed mucilage yield, seed ash, seed inflation index (p ≤ 0.01), plant height and 1000 seed weight (p ≤ 0.05). Foliar application of different concentrations of methanol had a significant effect on all morphological and functional components. To be more precise, methanol spray had a significant effect on plant height, number of stems, plant leaf number, shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and seed yield, but the effect of year on none of the measured traits was meaningful. Also, the interaction between the year and methanol spraying on the traits of plant leaf number, number of seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight had a significant effect, but the remaining traits were not affected considerably. Combined analysis of variance showed that the year effect had no noticeable effect on seed ash. While methanol concentration had a significant effect (p≤ 0.01) on the seed ash content, the interaction of methanol in different years of experiment was not significant on this characteristic. Discussion Regular methanol spraying, as an active bioavailable and a new method in the production of medicinal plants, improved seed yield and mucilage of Descurainia sophia seed. Generally, the highest values for the evaluated properties were obtained in the induction of 40% volumetric methanol solution.