بررسي اثر شرايط محيطي بر اسانس و تركيبات متشكله اسانس ژنوتيپ‌هاي برتر رازيانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

The effect of environmental condition on essential oil and essential oil components in superior fennel genotypes (Foeniculum vulgare Mill

به منظور بررسي اثر برخي عوامل محيطي بر كميت و كيفيت اسانس گياه دارويي رازيانه، تحقيقي در سال‌هاي زراعي 1392-1391، در سه ايستگاه تحقيقاتي وابسته به مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي اصفهان واقع در كاشان، سميرم و گلپايگان انجام شد و در آن چهار ژنوتيپ برتر رازيانه شامل دو ژنوتيپ بومي ‌همدان و لرستان و دو ژنوتيپ خارجي 11486 و P11-820065 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻜﺎن در ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺑﻮد. آﻟﻔﺎﭘﻴﻨﻦ، ﻓﻨﻜﻮن، ﻛﺎﻣﻔﻮر و ﺳﻴﺲ آﻧﺘﻮل در ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﺑﻮﻣﻲ و ﭘﺎراﺳﻴﻤﻦ،ﻟﻴﻤﻮﻧﻦ، اﺳﺘﺮاﮔﻮل و ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ آﻧﺘﻮل در ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ 820065-P11 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ )4/21% را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ P11-820065 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﭙﺎﻳﮕﺎن )165/2 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر( و ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﻤﺪان اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن 60/4 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ آﻧﺘﻮل در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﭙﺎﻳﮕﺎن ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﺎ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن داﺷﺖ و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آن در ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﻤﺪان ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ 11486 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن ﺑﺎ 41/1 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ آﻧﺘﻮل اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﺎ ازت ﻛﻞ ﺧﺎك داﺷﺖ. درﺻﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري ﺧﺎك ﻧﺸﺎن داد. از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﻜﻮن ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري ﺧﺎك ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﭙﺎﻳﮕﺎن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ.

In order to study the effects of some environmental factors on quality and quantity of fennel essential oil, an experiment was conducted at 3 stations of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Isfahan during 2012- 2013 and 4 superior fennel genotypes (including: Lorestan, Hamedan, P11- 820065 and 11486) were studied basis of randomized complete block design with three replications. Base on the results the interaction of place* genotype was significant for all traits. a-pinene, fenchone, camphor and (z)- anethol in forien genotypes and p-cymene, limonene, estragole and (e)-anethol in native genotypes were the highest. The maximum essential oil belongs to P11-820065 with 4.21 percentage. The highest essential oil yield (165.2 Kg/hec) was observed in P11-820065 located in Golpayeghan and the lowest in Hamedan genotype (60.4 Kg/hec) of Kashan. (E)-anethol yield of hamedan Genotype in Golpayeghan station had a significant different with Kashan station. The minimum amount of (e)-anethol was observed in 11486 (41/1 %) located in Kashan. There was a negative significant correlation between e- anethol and soil total N. Also a negative significant correlation was observed between oil percentage and oil yield with soil salinity. On the other hand phencone and soil salinity had a positive significant correlation. There was no significant correlation between essential oil and environmental factors in Golpayegan station