بررسي تأثير نوع اكسين، جهت استقرار ريزنمونه و نور بر كالوس‌زايي و تشكيل ريشه مويين گياه دارويي خربزه تلخ(Momordica charantia)

The effect of auxin type, explant orientation and light condition on induction of callus and the formation of hairy roots on leaf explants of medicinal plant Bitter melon(Momordica charantia

ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ﺗﻠﺦ )Momordica charantia ( ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻛﺪوﻳﻴﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان داروي ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي درﻣﺎن دﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار رﻳﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮگ، ﻧﻮع اﻛﺴﻴﻦ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﻮري ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﻮسزاﻳﻲ و ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ رﻳﺸﻪ ﻣﻮﻳﻴﻦ از ﻛﺎﻟﻮس ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ﺗﻠﺦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. رﻳﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮگ در دو ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ/ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ( در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺣﺎوي دو ﻧﻮع اﻛﺴﻴﻦ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 2 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA )ﻧﻔﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ )Naphthaleneacetic acid(( و 2,4-D دي ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻨﻮﻛﺴﻲ اﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ)2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ﻛﺸﺖ و ﺗﺤﺖ دو ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ و ﻧﻮر ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻟﻮس زاﻳﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮگ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻮراﺷﻴﮓ و اﺳﻜﻮگ) MS (ﺣﺎوي 2 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ 2,4-D و در ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 5 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﻮس ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ و اﻛﺴﻴﻦ 2,4-D ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ NAA، اﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮي ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﻮس زاﻳﻲ و رﻳﺸﻪ زاﻳﻲ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Karela (Momordica charantia), is one of the most commonly used vegetable that contains polypeptide-p and is used to control diabetes naturally. Polypeptide-p or p-insulin is an insulin-like hypoglycemic protein, shown to lower blood glucose levels in gerbils, langurs and humans when injected subcutaneously. Momordica Anti-HIV Protein (MAP30), alpha- and beta-momorcharins inhibit HIV replication in acutely and chronically infected cells and thus are considered potential therapeutic agent in HIV infection and AIDS. Related to these valuable properties, the present study outlines the in vitro callus induction of Momordica charantia which be fundamental for various purposes such as indirect regeneration, suspension culture or hairy root culture systems. The effects of the orientation of leaf explant, type of auxins and light conditions were evaluated on percentages of callus induction on MS basal medium. Results showed that the best callus induction (95.40%) was achieved when the leaf segments were culture up side on MS medium supplemented by 2 mg/l 2, 4-D and kept in dark condition for 1 week