اثرات كمي و كيفي تنش خشكي بر تركيبات شيميايي اسانس زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis L)

Qualitative and quantitative effects of drought stress on essential oil compositions of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L

ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮزﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ رﺷﺪ، ﻧﻤﻮ و ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻄﺮ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ. زوﻓﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻌﻄﺮ و داروﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ دارا ﺑﻮدن ﺧﻮاص داروﻳﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻃﻌﻢ دﻫﻨﺪه و ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد دارد. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آب ﺑﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ زوﻓﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﻲ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد در ﺳﺎل 1396 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح آﺑﻴﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ زراﻋﻲ( ﺑﻮد. اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﻴﺮي از اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ زوﻓﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ آب اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GC/Ms ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. در ﻛﻞ 33 ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ از اﺳﺎﻧﺲ زوﻓﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ 95 – 89 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﻴﺎري ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻏﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ، ﺳﻴﺲ ﭘﻴﻨﻮﻛﺎﻣﻔﻦ)45/65- 37/93 درﺻﺪ( و ﺑﺘﺎ ﭘﻴﻨﻦ 17/33- 11/88 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ و ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ زوﻓﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ، وﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ اﺟﺰاي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه آن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮد. درﺻﺪ اﺟﺰاي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه اﺳﺎﻧﺲ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺮاﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮد و در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺆﺛﺮه زوﻓﺎ را ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮد و ﻫﻢ در ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮد.

Drought is one of the most significant abiotic stress that affect plant growth, development and biochemical processes, such as the production of secondary metabolites and aromatic compounds. Hyssopus officinalis is one of the most important medicinal herbs which in addition to having medicinal properties, is also used as a flavoring and condiment in the food industry. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of water deficit stress on the quantity and quality of chemical compounds of Hyssop essential oil in pots at the field of Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord in 2017. Irrigation levels included normal, mild drought (60% F.C) and severe drought stress (30% F.C). The experiments were carried as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The essential oils obtained from aerial part of hyssop by hydro-distillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Totally, 33 compounds identified representing more than 89-95% of the oil composition. The predominant components of hyssop oil were cis-pinocamphone (37.93 – 45.65%) and β-pinene (11.88 – 17.33%). In general, the results of this study showed that mild and severe drought stress did not have a significant effect on the percentage of hyssop essential oil, but on the percentage of its components was effective. The percentage of chemical constituents of essential oil increased at both levels of drought stress and it was higher in mild stress. It seems that with mild drought stress, both the effective materials of hyssop can be improved and the water can be saved.