پديد آورندگان :
بي دست، سولماز دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم و مهندسي خاك , گلچين، احمد دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم و مهندسي خاك , بايبوردي، احمد مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي آذربايجان شرقي - بخش تحقيقات خاك و آب , زماني، عباسعلي دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده علوم - گروه علوم محيط زيست
كليدواژه :
ذرت , سميت نيكل , عناصر غذايي , هماتيت
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻧﯿﮑﻞ در ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺘﺪاول در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﻫﺴﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺪﮐﯽ در
ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﮐﺴﯿﺪﻫﺎي آﻫﻦ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻧﯿﮑﻞ در ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ
ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﺗﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ و ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ )Na-CMC( در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺤﺮك و ﮔﯿﺎه
ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، آﻫﻦ، روي و ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﯾﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ دو ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻧﻮع و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺎذب )دو ﻧﻮع ﺟﺎذب ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﺗﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ )H( و ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖﺷﺪه
ﺑﺎ H-CMC) Na-CMC( ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻘﺪار )0/5 ،0/25 ،0 و 1 درﺻﺪ( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ )75 ،25،
175 ،125 و 325 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم( در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ
ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﮐﻞ ﺧﺎك، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آﻫﻦ و روي
ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ 325 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ
ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آﻫﻦ و روي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣﺪود 73/79 ،47/98 ،43/56 و 86/03 درﺻﺪ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و وزن
ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣﺪود 36/86 و 42/56 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد
ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺟﺎذبﻫﺎ در ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آﻫﻦ و روي و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ در ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت
ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 0/5 درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎذب H-CMC، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ
52/61 و 46/84 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آﻫﻦ و روي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣﺪود 18/68 ،20/55،
61/66 و 48/81 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Nickel toxicity in agricultural crops is one of the most common problems in recent years. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of iron oxides on the reduction of nickel toxicity in crops. The goals of this research were to investigate the effects of non-stabilized and Na carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC)-stabilized hematite on mobility reduction and phytoavailability of nickel and to study their effects on some agronomic traits, concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and nickel in maize. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were types and dosages of adsorbents; two types of adsorbents including non-stabilized (H) and Na-CMC-stabilized hematite (H-CMC) at four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%) and different levels of soil total Ni (25, 75, 125, 175 and 325 mg kg-1). The results showed that with increasing total soil nickel concentration, shoot height, shoot and root dry weight and concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc in the shoot of maize were decreased and nickel concentration increased. At the contaminated level of 325 mg/kg nickel, concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc were decreased about 43.56, 47.98, 73.79 and 86.03%, respectively, and shoot height and dry weight were decreased about 36.86 and 42.56% respectively as compared to control treatment. The results also showed that the application of adsorbents in soil increased the concentration of K, P, Fe and Zn and decreased the concentration of nickel in maize. By applying 0.5% H-CMC, the concentration of nickel in the shoot and root of maize decreased by 52.61 and 46.84% respectively, followed by the concentration of potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc in the shoot increased about 20.55, 18.68, 61.66 and 48.81% respectively, as compared to control treatment.
