تاثير كم‌آبياري و سطوح مختلف نيتروژن بر عملكرد و بهره‌وري آب گندم (مطالعه موردي: خرم آباد)

Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Different Nitrogen Levels on Wheat Yield and Water Productivity (Case Study: Khorramabad)

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﻮد در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎري و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب ﮔﻨﺪم ﭘﺎﺋﯿﺰه رﻗﻢ ﭼﻤﺮان دو در ﺧﺮمآﺑﺎد، ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 27 ﭘﻼت: ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري )100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ )I100(، 75 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ )I75( و50 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ )I50((، ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮدي )100 )N150) 150 ،(N100( و 200 )N200( ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب آﺑﯿﺎري )ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ(، ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب ﺑﺎران )ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ( ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر I100N200 ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 3407/41 و 11097/51 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر I50N100 ﺑﺎ 45/65 و 32/6 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﻤﻪي ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 200 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﺑﺎرش ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار اﺳﺖ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر I50N200 ﺑﺎ 3/24 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و 10/78 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب آﺑﯿﺎري را داﺷﺖ.

Due to the importance of irrigation management and optimum use of fertilizer in each region, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation and fertilizer levels on yield and water productivity of autumn wheat (Chamran-2) in Khorramabad. Totally 27 plots including three irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% of water requirement), three fertilizer levels (100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and three replications were used in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Lorestan University. In this study, grain yield, biological yield, thousand seed weight, pod length, plant height, irrigation water productivity (grain yield and biological yield) and rain water productivity (grain yield and biological yield) were investigated. The results showed that the highest amount of traits were obtained in I100N200 treatment, so that the grain yield and biological yield were measured to be 3407/41 and 11097/51 kg ha-1, respectively. Also, the lowest amounts of grain yield and biological yield were observed in I50N100 treatment with 45.65 and 32.60% reduction in yield, respectively, as compared to full irrigation treatment. Interaction of water stress and nitrogen in all irrigation treatments showed by increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 200 kg ha-1, the grain yield and biological yield increased. The results also showed that the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on irrigation water productivity (grain yield) and rain water productivity (grain and biological yield) is significant at 1% level. The I50N200 treatment with 3.24 kg m-3 (grain yield) and 10.78 kg m-3 (biological yield) had the highest irrigation water productivity.