تأثير كود نيتروژنه بر برخي صفات رشدي و عملكرد گياه كينوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)در شرايط آبياري با زه‌آب مزارع نيشكر

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Some Growth Traits and Yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Irrigated with Sugar-cane Fields Drainage Water

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ زﻫﺎب ﻣﺰارع ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن داﻧﻪ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﮐﯿﻨﻮا )رﻗﻢ ﮔﯿﺰاوان(، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )0، 75 ، 150 ، 225 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮐﻮد اوره ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )آب ﮐﺎرون ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري 2/5 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ( و آﺑﯿﺎري ﯾﮏ در ﻣﯿﺎن )ﮐﺎرون–زﻫﺎب ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري ﺣﺪود 5 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ( و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ زﻫﺎب ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ )ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري 7/5 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن داﻧﻪ ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎرون )2/77 ﮔﺮم( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ آﺑﯿﺎري ﯾﮏ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ )51%(، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ )79%(، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ )60%(، ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن داﻧﻪ )61%( و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘ ﺎً اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ زﻫﺎب ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎك ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺷﻮري را ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﮑﺮد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن داﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي اﺛﺮات زﯾﺎنﺑﺎر ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد.

In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation application with sugar-cane effluent on yield, yield components, grain nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency of Quinoa (Gizzavan), a field trial was conducted as split plot design in 2018-19. In this experiment, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 75, 150, 225 kg ha-1) using urea fertilizer as a main factor and three levels of irrigation water including control (Karun river water with 2.5 dS m-1 salinity), alternative irrigation with river water and sugar-cane effluent (with salinity of about 5 dS m-1), and irrigation with sugar-cane effluent (with 7.5 dS m-1salinity) as sub-factor were performed in three replications. The maximum leaf area index, grain yield, index harvesting and nitrogen content of quinoa seed were obtained with application of 150 kg N ha-1. The maximum 1000-grain weight (2.77 g) was observed in treatment irrigated with Karun river water. Application of 150 kg N ha-1 and alternative irrigation improved leaf area index (51%), grain yield (79%), harvest index (60%), grain nitrogen content (61%) and finally increased nitrogen use efficiency. In irrigation treatment using sugarcane effluent, increasing nitrogen levell in the soil, not only did not mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, but also decreased the nitrogen content of the seed. Generally, the results of this study indicated that using adequate nitrogen fertilizer can mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and yield.