ارزيابي زيستي پراكنش جلبك‌هاي سنگ‌زي؛ رويكردي كاربردي در پايش كيفيت آب رودخانه‌ها (مطالعات موردي در رودخانه‌هاي بوژان و خرو)

Biological Evaluation of Epilithic Algal Distribution; An Applicable Approach for River Water Quality Assessment (Case Studies of Karw and Bozhan Rivers)

ﻫﻢزﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آبﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ روز اﻓﺰوﻧﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آبﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از روشﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل، ﭘﺎﯾﺶ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮓزي و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات، ﻧﯿﺘﺮﯾﺖ، ﻓﺴﻔﺎت، ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت و آﻫﻦ در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻮژان و ﺧﺮو از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر در ﺧﻼل ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1396 ﺗﺎ 1397 ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ IRWQISC ﺑﺮاي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮژان و ﺧﺮو در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، 66/65 ،50/03 و 55/69 ،47/66 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﻮب ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ آﻫﻦ و ﻓﺴﻔﺎت در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮژان ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﯿﺪ. ﻣﻨﺸﺄ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت آﻫﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺎﻏﺎت روﺳﺘﺎي ﺑﻮژان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻏﺎت ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮد ﺳﮑﻮﺳﺘﺮن آﻫﻦ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﮐﻮددﻫﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮓزي در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮژان ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﺮو ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪهﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و آﻫﻦ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻣﮑﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮدي ﺑﺎﻏﺎت و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺴﺎب ورودي ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽآورد.

At the same time with development of agricultural and industrial activities and reduction of quantity and quality of water resources, assessment of surface water resources quality has been paid more attention. Due to limitations of conventional methods for surface water quality assessment, development of alternative methods has been considered for monitoring water quality. For example, biomonitoring using alga is a proper indicator for surface water quality assessment. In this study, the relationship between epilithic alga population and concentration of common nutrient residuals including nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate and water-soluble iron in Bozhan and Kharw Rivers in Neishabour was determined in two consecutive years; 2017 and 2018. IRWQISC quality index for Bozhan and Kharw River was calculated as 50.03, 66.65% and 47.66, 55.69% during 2017-2018 respectively, which ranged between moderate to relatively good. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of phosphate and iron in Bozhan River. The source of iron could be due to effluent from Bozhan village gardens. This gardens use Sequesteren iron fertilizer with no management. Due to the direct role of these nutrients in stimulating growth of alga communities, distribution rate of epilithic alga in Bozhan River was shown to be more than the ones in Kharw River. Therefore, investigation of changes in alga communities as a proper bioindicator could be useful for assessment and prediction of residuals such as phosphate and iron ions in water resources. These findings could be used in better recommendations for gardening and more accurate management of drainage water entering the riverside by studying the distribution of algal communities.