پديد آورندگان :
حيدري، مسلم دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت , رستمي، فاطمه دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم و مهندسي خاك , گلچين، احمد دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم و مهندسي خاك
كليدواژه :
باكتري حل كننده فسفات , عملكرد گياه , فلزات سنگين , قارچ‌هاي ميكوريزي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت ).Zea mays L( در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮب، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺧﺎكﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زﻧﺠﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1394 ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اول: ﺳﻄﻮح آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮب )0، 200 ،100 ،50 و 400 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دوم: ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ )C(، ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺣﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت)P)(Pseudomonas putida(، ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ M) Funneliformis mosseae(، ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰ Funneliformis mosseae + ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺣﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت )M+P(، ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰ I) Rhizophagus intraradices(، ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰ Rhizophagus intraradices + ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺣﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت )I+P( ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺳﺮب، آﻫﻦ و ﻣﺲ در رﯾﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰي و ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺳﺮب ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰ Funneliformis mosseae + ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺣﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت )I+M( ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﻧﺘﻘﺎل )TF( را 67/28 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮب ﺟﺬب ﺷﺪه را در رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ 61/9 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺳﺮب ﺟﺬب ﺷﺪه از ﺧﺎك ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﯿﺎه را در رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺳﺮب )400 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك(، ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪهاي ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگ و ارﺗﻔﺎع در اﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ از ذرت )رﻗﻢ ﻣﺎﮐﺴﯿﻤﺎ( داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻢﺗﺮ از ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب، ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻀﺮ و ﺳﻮء اﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ را در اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت )رﻗﻢ ﻣﺎﮐﺴﯿﻤﺎ( ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
In order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers on growth indices of maize (Zea mays L.) in lead-contaminated soils, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the greenhouse of soil science department at Zanjan University in 2015. Factor I included: soil contamination levels of lead (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg soil) and Factor ΙΙ, No inoculation (C), inoculation with soluble bacteria, Phosphate (Pseudomonas putida) (P), inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae (M), inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + phosphate solubilizing bacterium (M + P), inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices mycorrhizal (I), inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices + phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (I + P). The measured parameters were leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, lead of shoot and root, Copper and Iron of root and shoot. Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria improved plant growth and yield indices in the absence of lead. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (I + P) increased leaf chlorophyll index 11.65% compared to the no-inoculation treatment (control). Also, biofertilizers were able to increase the amount of absorbed lead in the plant root compared to the control treatment by 61.9%. In other words, they are able to retain the absorbed lead from the soil by plant root. According to the obtained results at the critical concentration of lead (400 mg/kg soil), biofertilizers could not have a beneficial and increasing effect on chlorophyll index and plant height. However, at lower concentrations of Pb, biofertilizers can decrease the harmful and adverse effects of these heavy metals on shoot and root of plant.
