پديد آورندگان :
كاظمي، نوشين دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي، زنجان، ايران , اميري، محمداسماعيل دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني، زنجان، ايران , جعفرخاني كرماني، مريم دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني، زنجان، ايران , حسيني، زهرا سادات پژوهشكده بيوتكنولوژي كشاورزي ايران، كرج، ايران
چكيده فارسي :
اين پژوهش در سال 1391 در آزمايشگاه كشت بافت دانشگاه زنجان و با هدف بهينه‌سازي ريزازديادي يكي از ژنوتيپ‌هاي ارزشمند و بومي سيب گوشت سرخ انجام شد. آزمايش‌ها شامل بررسي اثر تركيبات متفاوت تنظيم‌كننده‌هاي رشد GA3 (در سه سطح صفر، 3 و 6 ميكرومولار) وBAP (در چهار سطح صفر، 2، 4 و 6 ميكرومولار) بر جنبه‌هاي مختلف پرآوري شامل تعداد برگ و ريزشاخه توليد‌شده در هر ريزنمونه، ميزان رشد طولي ريزشاخه‌هاو وزن تر و خشك ريزنمونه‌هابود. آزمايش‌ها به‌صورت فاكتوريل درقالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با سه تكرار صورت گرفتند. همچنين، تأثير غلظت‌هاي مختلف تنظيم‌كننده‌هاي رشدي IBA (در پنج سطح صفر، 1، 2، 3 و 4 ميكرومولار) و NAA (در پنج سطح صفر، 1، 2، 3 و 4 ميكرومولار) بر ريشه‌زايي ريزنمونهها بررسي شد. بهترين نتيجه براي پرآوري (9/7 تعداد ريزشاخه/ ريزنمونه/ 8 هفته) در محيط كشت حاوي چهار ميكرومولار BAp و سه ميكرومولار GA3 به‌دست‌آمد. به‌علاوه، گياهان تكثير‌شده در اين تيمار نسبت به تيمارهاي ديگر پژوهش، نتايج مطلوب‌تري در كليه صفات مورد بررسي شامل تعداد برگ، ميزان رشد طولي ريزشاخه‌هاو وزن تر و خشك ريزنمونهها نشان دادند. نتايج نشان داد، محيط كشت MS 2/1 حاوي سه ميكرومولار IBA با 2/85 درصد ريشه‌زايي طي هشت هفته بهترين تركيب براي ريشه‌زايي بود. نتايج سازگاري نشان داد گياهان ريشه‌دار‌شده در تيمارهاي حاوي IBA بسيار موفق‌تر (100درصد) از گياهچه‌هاي ريشه‌دار‌شده در تيمارهاي حاوي NAA (40 درصد) بودند، لذا محيط كشت حاوي سه ميكرومولار IBA كاراترين تركيب جهت ريشه‌دار شدن و بقاي سيب گوشت سرخ در مرحله سازگاري بود.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
Red flesh apple belongs to Malus niedzwetzkyana of Rosaceae family. It has high levels of important phytochemicals like antioxidants, flavonoids and anthocyanins in its cortex, which, in addition to attractiveness, is a source of benefit compound. The aim of the present investigation was to optimize efficient protocols for micro propagation of red flesh apple in order to use the results in future breeding strategies.
Materials and Methods
During the early spring, stem cuttings of growing red flesh apple trees were surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol and 50% sodium hypochlorite. Then, sterilized samples were placed in the test tubes containing MS medium supplemented with 2 µM BAP. At the proliferation stage, interactive effects of BAP (0, 2, 4, 6 mM) and GA3 (0, 3, 6 mM) on various aspects of proliferation (multiplication rate and vegetative growth characteristics such as number of produced shoots per explant, shoots length, leaf numbers, and the fresh and dry weight of explants) were investigated. At rooting stage, the effect of different concentrations of IBA or NAA (0, 1, 2, 3,4 µM) on the percentage of rooting, number of roots per explant and length of roots were compared. At acclimatization stage, the plantlets were transferred into pots with a volume of 200 ml containing sterile compound at the greenhouse condition.
Results
The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effects of various concentrations of BAP and GA3 on micro propagation of red flesh apple. The best result in proliferation (7.9 of axillary shoots after 8 months) was obtained from explants that were cultured in the medium containing 4 mM BAP and 3 mM GA3. At rooting stage, the maximum rooting percentage (85.2%) was obtained in the medium containing 3 mM IBA. In addition, rooted explants from IBA treatments were successfully acclimatized (100%) in the greenhouse, but rooted explants in NAA treatments were weak in acclimatized stage (40%).
Discussion
Measuring the growth rate is the major economic parameter for successful plant production at in vitro conditions, which is usually characterized by the number of axillary shoots, number of regenerated leaves and increase in the length of shoots and fresh and dry weight. We obtained the highest growth rate of red flesh apple in the culture medium containing 4 μM of BAP. The efficiency of BAP as an important cytokinin in apple proliferation has been reported in other studies as well. The results of the present investigation showed that highest rooting percentage was obtained from culture medium containing 3 μM of IBA. In addition, morphology of roots varied in callus formation and longitudinal growth and the samples rooted in IBA treatments had stronger roots than the rooted samples in NAA treatments. It seems that exposure to NAA instead of IBA stimulates indirect organogenesis and produced undesirable side effects on roots, such as callus formation, which can cause plantlets weakness during the period of acclimatization.
