بررسي تغييرات آليسين و فلاونوئيد و جذب روزانه سلنيوم در گياه سير (Allium sativum L.) تحت تأثير تيمارهاي كود سلنيومي و تلقيح ميكوريزايي

Investigation of Allicin and Flavonoid Variations and Selenium Daily Uptake in Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) By Selenium Fertilizer Treatments and Mycorrhizal Inoculation

اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺳﻨﺘﺰي در ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت آﻟﯿﺴﯿﻦ، ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم، در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻏﺬا و دارو اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮد ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، 100 و 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﻣﺎﯾﮑﻮرﯾﺰا آرﺑﮑﺴﻮﻻر در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮ روي دو اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺳﯿﺮ )راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ و دزﻓﻮل( ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ )27/618 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﮔﺮم( و آﻟﯿﺴﯿﻦ )5/17 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ( در اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ دزﻓﻮل و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب روزاﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم )11/08 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در روز( در اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﺎ ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ و وزن ﭘﯿﺎز ﺳﯿﺮ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ و ﺑﺎ آﻟﯿﺴﯿﻦ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺬب روزاﻧﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺷﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﺬب روزاﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم و ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﭘﯿﺎز ﺳﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ و ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار آﻟﯿﺴﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ دارد. اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ دزﻓﻮل ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺮ داﺷﺖ و اﺧﺘﻼف دو اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ، اﮔﺮ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﯿﺮي ﻏﻨﯽ از ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺳﻠﻨﯿﻮم، ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ و آﻟﯿﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ارزشﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻮع اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Today, numerous studies are being done to replace chemicals with natural substances in order to reduce synthetic compounds in food. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important bulb vegetable because of its high concentration of allicin, flavonoids and selenium accumulation. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of two levels of mycorrhiza (inoculation and non-inoculated), three levels of selenium (0 as control, 100 and 200 mg/l) on two ecotypes (Ramhormoz and Dezful) in terms of flavonoid, allicin, daily intake of selenium and yield of garlic. The experiment was performed as factorial in the form of completely randomized design. The highest values of flavonoid (27.618 mg/g) and Allicin (5.17 mg/g) were observed in Dezful ecotype and the highest daily selenium uptake (11.08 mg/kg) was observed in Ramhormez ecotype. Mycorrhizal inoculation was significantly and positively correlated with flavonoid and garlic yield at 1% level and with allicin at 5% level, but it was reversed with daily selenium uptake (EDI) at 5 % level. Also, application of selenium fertilizer showed a positive and significant correlation with increasing daily selenium uptake and flavonoids in garlic Bulbs at 1 and 5% levels, respectively. But, it has inverse correlation with allicin content at 1 % level. Dezful ecotype had a better performance in terms of garlic weight and garlic cloves weight and there was a significant difference between two ecotypes at 1 % level. Finally, due to different effects of the treatments, if the purpose is to produce garlic enriched with Se, flavonoid or allicin, a decrease in some nutritional values and a change in ecotype must be accepted.