واكاوي ارتباط وضعيت بهره‌برداري از سامانه‌هاي آبياري با ميزان آگاهي و مهارت كشاورزان (مطالعه موردي: استان قزوين)

Analysis of the Relationship between Irrigation System Operation Status and Knowledge and Skills of Farmers (Case Study: Qazvin Province)

در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزي واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ دارد. ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ داﻧﺶ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﮐﺸﺎورزان در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. 18 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و 88 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ روش دﻟﻔﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ روش آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺳﻄﺤﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ، ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺮان" ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داراي اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 2/82±1/03 ،3/38±1/15 و 2/05±0/82 )از اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﮐﻞ 5( ﺑﺮاي زارﻋﺎن و 2/17±0/94 ،3/63±1/06 و 2/19±0/93 ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻏﺪاران ﺑﻮد. وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺑﯿﺎنﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داراي اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 2/55±0/72 ،3/74±1/16 و 2/62±0/76 )از اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﮐﻞ 5( ﺑﺮاي زارﻋﺎن و 2/54±0/64 ،4/07±1/06 و 2/61±0/69 ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻏﺪاران اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺮان در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. اﺧﺘﻼفﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺮان ﻧﺸﺎن از اﻃﻼع ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ آﻧﺎن از اﺻﻮل ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺻﺤﯿﺢ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﯿﺰان آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﮐﺸﺎورزان داراي اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 3/39±0/77 ﺷﺪ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري )ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﺗﺤﺖﻓﺸﺎر( داراي اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 3/53±0/86 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن( دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻬﺎرت ﮐﺸﺎورزان" و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري" 0/561 )در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 99%( ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ و ﺿﺮورت ﺑﺎﻻي آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزان در زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ َﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ، سرمايه گذاري در بخش آموزش كشاورزان بسيار تعيين كننده است.

Currently, Water scarcity is one of the problems of food production, and irrigated agriculture has a significant impact on food security. Improving the level of knowledge and skills of human resources is one of the crucial factors for improving the optimal use of water in agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between irrigation system status and knowledge and skills of farmers in Qazvin province. 18 qualitative indices and 88 educational items were identified. The survey tool was Delphi method and Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analysis. The results of this study showed that the status of operation of surface irrigation systems in terms of "farmers", "experts" and "trainers" were 3/38±1/15, 2/82±1/03 and 2/05±0/82 (out of 5 points), respectively for farmers, and 3/63±1/06, 2/17±0/94 and 2/19±0/93 for horticulturists. Status of operation of pressurized irrigation systems in terms of three proposed views were 3/74±1/16, 2/55±0/72 and 2/62±0/76 (out of 5 points), respectively for farmers and 4/07±1/06, 2/54±0/64 and 2/61±0/69 (out of 5 points), respectively for horticulturists. This indicates that the operation situation of the irrigation systems is medium to low in terms of experts and trainers. The Significant disagreement between farmers, experts and trainers indicates that the farmers have insufficient knowledge of the principles of proper operation of irrigation systems. Also, farmers showed that the educational items with their weight of importance were 3/39±0/77 and their status of the operation (surface and pressurized) was 3/53±0/86. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the two variables "Farmers Knowledge and Skills" and "Irrigation System Operation Status" were 0.561 (99% confidence level). This correlation shows the importance and necessity of training in various fields of recognition, design and operation of irrigation systems. Also, for farmers’ empowering in adoption to water deficit, investment in education is very determinant.