ارزيابي تحليلي فرايند تبديل علم به كوماديتي و تحليل رويكرد متعارف اقتصاد علم از منظر اسلامي

Analytical evaluation of the process of converting science to commodity and Analysis of the Conventional approach of the economics of science from an Islamic perspective

همتراز ﻗﺮار دادن اﻣـﻮر و ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﺎﻻﻫـﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨـﺪي اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ از ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي داﻧﺶ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از آن ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻮﻣـﺎدﻳﺘﻲ ﺳـﺎزي ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻣﻮر و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎزاري ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺑﺘـﻮان آﻧﻬـﺎ را در ﺑﺴـﺘﺮي ﺑﺎزاري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ. از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻴﻤﻪ دوم ﻗﺮن ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻛﻮﻣـﺎدﻳﺘﻲ را ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، داﻧﺶ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻮه اي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرش درآﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻮﻣﺎدﻳﺘﻲ ﺳﺎزي داﻧﺶ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎزاريﺳﺎزي ﻋﻠﻢ، ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻣﺎدﻳﺘﻲ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم داﻧﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻞ ﻓﺎﻳﺪه ﺷﺨﺼﻲ و ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ و ﺳﻮد ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ اﺳـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﺎت ﺑﺸﺮي ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ و داﻧﺶ را ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ از دﻳﮕﺮ رﺳﺎﻟﺖﻫـﺎي اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ آن،ﭘﻴﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺮد. ﻧﺎدﻳﺪهاﻧﮕﺎري ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﺎﻫﻮي داﻧﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ، اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺗﻲ ﭼﻮن ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات اﺧﻼﻗﻲ، ﺟﻬﺖ دﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻧﮕﻴﺰه ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داﻧﺶ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺳﺎزي اﻧﮕﻴﺰه ﻫﺎ و درﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻀﺎي داﻧﺶورزي ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑـﺎزا ري را رﻗﻢ ﻣﻲ زﻧﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ داﻧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺎﻇﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻼن و راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺑـﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد، ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﻴﺮو ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﻫـﺎي ﺑﺎزاري، درواﻗﻊ راﻫﺒﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎع را ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺳﻮداﮔﺮي ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. اﺳﻼم، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎر ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر و ﻛﺎرﺑﺴﺖ داﻧﺶ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﻔﺎع ﭘﻮﻟﻲِ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي از ﻣﺠـﺮاي ﺑﺎزار را ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ داﻧﺪ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ اﻧﮕﻴﺰه ﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺎدي، ﺳﺮزﻧﺶ اﻧﮕﻴـﺰه ﻫـﺎي ﺻـﺮﻓﺎً ﻣـﺎدي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن داﻧﺶ، ﺗﻘﺪم رﺗﺒﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ و از ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ وﺟـﻮب ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ و اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر ﻋﻠﻢ، ﻧﻈﺎم ارزش ﮔﺬاري روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻋﻠﻢ را ﻧﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ.

One of the main questions in the field of economics is identifying the factors influencing labor productivity. One of the presuppositions in this regard is the influence of religious values as a fundamental motivating factor on the Muslim workforce, which is influenced by Islamic beliefs and the crystallization of faith in these beliefs can be seen in his behavior. Based on this premise, in order to analyze the behaviors of this important factor of production, it is necessary to discover strategies to strengthen his productivity and influence the quality of human resource performance and extract a list of religious principles affecting the Muslim labor force. However, what is of great importance in such research is the use of appropriate research methods to refer to religious sources to discover appropriate propositions and provide a management model based on which a systematic program for training and productivity growth can be developed. For this reason, this study attempts to combine the two methods of interdisciplinary research "content analysis" and "subject-scientific interpretation" to extract the religious values affecting labor productivity. Also, the alignment of the extracted components with the five-year development plans of the country has been examined along this path. The results indicate that many factors beyond what economic and managerial scholars have stated have had an impact on the workforce and that it is necessary to pay close attention to the teachings of the Islamic religion in the process of transformation and localization of science.