آسيب شناسي مهندسي مالي اسلامي رايج در راستاي طراحي نظام مالي اسلامي

Common Islamic financial engineering pathology in order to design the Islamic financial system

مهندسي ﻣﺎﻟﻲ راﻳﺞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻳﺎ ﻓﻨﻮﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮدن روش ﻫـﺎي ﻧـﻮﻳﻦ و ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ، اﻫﺪاف و ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎدي ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ ﺑـﺮ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد ﻟﻴﺒـﺮال اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑـﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎ و اﻟﮕﻮﻫـﺎي ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑـﺎ اﻫﺪاف ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ؟ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ روﻳﻜﺮدﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ اﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. روﻳﻜﺮد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ راﻳﺞ روش اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ )ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ، ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ( اﺳـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آن ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮاﻳـﻲ در اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ راﻳـﺞ اﺳـﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﮔﻴﺮي دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻓﻘﻪ، ﻓﺎﻗﺪ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺪم وﺣﺪت ﻧﻈﺮ در ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺎﻟﻲ، روﻳﻜﺮد اﻧﻔﻌـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﺎ آﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺪم وﺣﺪت ﻧﻈﺮ، ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ دﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺴﺘﺮده از ﺣﻴﻞ، ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺳﺎزي و ﻧـﺎﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻫﺪاف ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ و وﺟﻮد ﻓﻠﺴـﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢ رﺑﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ در ﺑﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜـﺮد ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻌـ ﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔـﺎن و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ واﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻟﻲ اﺑﺪاﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ راﻳﺞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در ﮔﺎم ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑـﺎ روﻳﻜـﺮد ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﺎز و اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ اﻋﺘﺪال ﻓﻘﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﺎﻟﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﻘﻪ و اﺧـﻼق ﭘﺮداﺧـﺖ و در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب آن و ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ اﻫﺪاف ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ در ﺟﻬﺖ رﻓﻊ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ واﻗﻌﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

Common financial engineering is a set of sciences or techniques that seek to find new and effective ways to provide optimal funding in the institutional framework of a system governing liberal economics. The main question is whether it is possible to achieve the goals and strategies of the Islamic financial system by simulating them. In order to get the answer, the article first describes the historical and the functional course of current Islamic finance and its analysis and pathology. The prevailing approach of Islamic finance is the common passive method (adaptation, simulation, and correction), the common denominator of which is the emphasis on the reconstruction and signing of the achievements of Marginalism of the financial economy. Research at this level, by employing the system of jurisprudence lacks a specific methodology in line with the objectives. In addition to the problem of lack of consensus on financial issues, the study conducted that the passive approach is associated with the disadvantages of inconsistency, adaptability, widespread use of trickery, complication, and inconsistency with goals. In general, it has caused the non-specificity of the terms of the contracts and the existence of the philosophy of usury ban and other indisputable rules regarding transactions. an‎d other certain rules have been applied to transactions. This approach led to the irony of the opposition and the lack of real distinction between the innovative financial system and the current one. It is suggested that in the first step, with the approach of systematization and the idea of ​​moderation of jurisprudence, and within it and in accordance with the goals, the structure of the Islamic financial system should be designed to meet real financial needs.